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RETRACTED: Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation
 
 
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Volume 18
Issue 14
10.3390/w18141692
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Retraction of Water 2025, 17(9), 1348.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Liu et al. Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348

by
Kui Liu
1,
Jing Hu
2,
Quanchang Zhang
3 and
Chaofeng Zeng
4,*
1
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
3
Qingdao Zhongke Kuntai Prefabricated Construction Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266600, China
4
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering for Stability Control and Health Monitoring, School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2026, 18(14), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18141692
Submission received: 3 July 2026 / Accepted: 8 July 2026 / Published: 13 July 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Groundwater Control in Geotechnical Engineering)
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled “Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the authorship list and the ownership of the data presented in this article [1].
In accordance with the journal’s standard procedures, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board. The investigation determined that the authors did not have the necessary permission to publish the data presented in this article. The investigation also identified substantial overlap with a previously published source [2] that was not adequately acknowledged in the article. In addition, concerns were identified regarding the representation of authorship in relation to the underlying work.
Consequently, the Editorial Board has decided to retract this paper in accordance with MDPI’s retraction policy.
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Water.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and do not agree with the decision.

References

  1. Liu, K.; Hu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Zeng, C. RETRACTED: Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Zaidi, M.; Mokni, N.; Dymitrowska, M.; Liu, K. Analyzing Structural Changes Induced by Gas Migration in Heterogeneous Pellet/Powder Bentonite Mixtures through X-ray Computed Micro-Tomography. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 2025, 17, 3198–3212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, K.; Hu, J.; Zhang, Q.; Zeng, C. RETRACTED: Liu et al. Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348. Water 2026, 18, 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18141692

AMA Style

Liu K, Hu J, Zhang Q, Zeng C. RETRACTED: Liu et al. Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348. Water. 2026; 18(14):1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18141692

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Kui, Jing Hu, Quanchang Zhang, and Chaofeng Zeng. 2026. "RETRACTED: Liu et al. Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348" Water 18, no. 14: 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18141692

APA Style

Liu, K., Hu, J., Zhang, Q., & Zeng, C. (2026). RETRACTED: Liu et al. Dynamic Microstructural Changes in Bentonite During Hydration: A Micro-CT Investigation. Water 2025, 17, 1348. Water, 18(14), 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18141692

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