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Volume 18
Issue 12
10.3390/w18121438
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Environmental Factors in the Artificial Reef Waters off Nanri Island and Their Relationship with the Community Structure of Fishery Resources

by
Xin Wang
1,2,
Chao Ma
1,2,
Huidong Zheng
1,2,
Yong Liu
1,2,
Shenghua Zheng
1,2,
Zhidong Zhuang
1,2,
Lifeng Wu
1,2 and
Jiandi Cai
1,2,*
1
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Xiamen 361013, China
2
Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2026, 18(12), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121438
Submission received: 9 May 2026 / Revised: 9 June 2026 / Accepted: 10 June 2026 / Published: 11 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To investigate the relationship between fishery resources community structure (mainly fish and crustaceans) and environmental factors in the artificial reef waters off Nanri Island, surveys were conducted in November 2021, 2022, and 2023. Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′), Margalef richness index (D), Pielou evenness index (J′), and resource density index (RD) were employed to characterize the community structure. From 2021 to 2023, DO and petroleum hydrocarbons exhibited significant interannual variation (p < 0.05), whereas DIP, DIN, and SS showed highly significant interannual variation (p < 0.01). Spatially, DO, COD, DIN, and petroleum hydrocarbons varied more than other factors. Both diversity and richness indices rose over the study period, with mean H′ rising from 1.693 to 1.942 and mean D from 2.107 to 2.474. The evenness index (J′) declined in 2022 but then increased to 0.787. In contrast, the resource density index (RD) dropped sharply in 2022 (107.2) and partially recovered in 2023 (155.4), though it remained below the 2021 level (218.5). Redundancy analysis revealed that five environmental variables (DIP, DIN, petroleum hydrocarbons, SS, and DO) primarily shaped the fishery resource community structure in the artificial reef area. This study provided reference data for artificial reef management and sustainable fishery development.
Keywords: artificial reefs; environmental factors; spatiotemporal characteristics; fishery resources; community structure; redundancy analysis (RDA) artificial reefs; environmental factors; spatiotemporal characteristics; fishery resources; community structure; redundancy analysis (RDA)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, X.; Ma, C.; Zheng, H.; Liu, Y.; Zheng, S.; Zhuang, Z.; Wu, L.; Cai, J. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Environmental Factors in the Artificial Reef Waters off Nanri Island and Their Relationship with the Community Structure of Fishery Resources. Water 2026, 18, 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121438

AMA Style

Wang X, Ma C, Zheng H, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhuang Z, Wu L, Cai J. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Environmental Factors in the Artificial Reef Waters off Nanri Island and Their Relationship with the Community Structure of Fishery Resources. Water. 2026; 18(12):1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121438

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Xin, Chao Ma, Huidong Zheng, Yong Liu, Shenghua Zheng, Zhidong Zhuang, Lifeng Wu, and Jiandi Cai. 2026. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Environmental Factors in the Artificial Reef Waters off Nanri Island and Their Relationship with the Community Structure of Fishery Resources" Water 18, no. 12: 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121438

APA Style

Wang, X., Ma, C., Zheng, H., Liu, Y., Zheng, S., Zhuang, Z., Wu, L., & Cai, J. (2026). Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Environmental Factors in the Artificial Reef Waters off Nanri Island and Their Relationship with the Community Structure of Fishery Resources. Water, 18(12), 1438. https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121438

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