Meaningful Multi-Stakeholder Participation via Social Media in Coastal Fishing Village Spatial Planning and Governance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Methods
3. Results
3.1. Transformation of Fishing Village Economy
3.2. Role of Social Media in Stakeholder Engagement
- User-generated content (UGC) serves as the foundational fuel, enabling users to create and consume multimedia content (text, images, videos, audio) that sustains platform activity. Motivations for UGC production include social engagement (identity formation through audience interaction) and economic incentives (monetization via traffic sharing and advertising).
- Traffic allocation mechanisms act as centralized power nodes, prioritizing efficiency (promoting viral content), diversity (mitigating content monopoly), and commercial interests (advertisement integration).
- Algorithmic recommendation systems construct user profiles based on demographic data (age, gender, location) to deliver personalized content.
- User behavioral feedback (e.g., dwell time, likes, comments, shares, search queries) constitutes training data for algorithmic optimization.
3.3. Spatial Changes in Multi-Party Governance
4. Discussion
4.1. E-Participation Spatial Governance Model for Fishing Villages
4.2. The Social Network Jointly Constituted by Strong and Weak Ties
“Although many celebrities have engaged with ICH activities over the years, this sudden surge in popularity this year caught everyone by surprise. After seeing Zhao Liying’s photos, people from Beijing, Shanghai, and even overseas—such as Canada and the U.S.—have flown here to experience Zanhuawei. Some have even contacted us to purchase Zanhua materials for international shipping”.
4.3. The Relevance of Social Media and Its Operating Mechanisms to Spatial Governance in Fishing Villages
4.4. The Meaning of Social Media Participation
5. Conclusions
- Dissolution and re-creation of ICH. Social media expedites the infiltration of foreign cultures. Traditional customs are simplified into performative forms, traditional costumes evolve with new aesthetic trends, and the traditional cultural space is transformed into a tourist symbol and a space for virtual consumption. For instance, the popular Zanhuawei from XPV circulating on the Internet often deviates from the most traditional styles. Even though local residents may not endorse this new aesthetic, they still recommend these new Zanhuawei styles to customers to meet their demands.
- Community fragmentation and intergenerational conflicts. This is mainly manifested in the digital divide, which marginalizes the elderly from the decision-making process. While external forces such as fishermen, tourists, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) now have more direct access to participate in governance, it also brings challenges such as information distortion and unequal participation opportunities. The weakening of traditional clan authority has exacerbated the imbalances within the community’s power structure. Not all residents in XPV have embraced the tourism industry. There are still those who persist in their traditional livelihoods, such as prying oysters. They fail to comprehend the enthusiastic behavior of tourists and are unable to benefit from the booming tourism industry. Moreover, the occupation of fishing village spaces by foreign tourists and investors has undermined the spatial rights of some of the indigenous inhabitants.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categorization | Operator | Shop Source | Opening Time | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Native | Outsider | Tenancy | Own House | Before 2023 | 2023–2024 | After 2024 | |
Number of shops | 31 | 19 | 29 | 21 | 4 | 39 | 7 |
Subtotal | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Post | Average Price | Quantity of Shops | Off-Peak Season Daily Average Number of People | Peak Season Daily Average Number of People | Off-Peak Season Daily Turnover/USD | Peak Season Daily Turnover/USD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zanhua | 5.54 | 246 | 65 | 200 | 88,584.6 | 272,568 |
Makeup | 20.77 | 246 | 65 | 200 | 332,112.3 | 1,021,884 |
Photography | 27.70 | 246 | 65 | 200 | 442,923 | 1,362,840 |
Sum | 863,619.9 | 2,657,292 |
Governing Body | Intermediary | Governance Mechanisms | Spatial Feature | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clan elders | Offline focus | Bloodline authority, township rules, customs and practices | Living space | Village, Mazu Temple, clan hall, etc. |
Cooperative | Economic self-reliance, market regulation, laws and regulations | Production space | Tidal zone, fishing harbors, fishing grounds, etc. | |
Government | Macro-control by central government, policy formulation by local government, administrative implementation by grass-roots government | Ecological space | Marine resources, intangible cultural resources, etc. |
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Wang, J.; He, M.-M.; Lee, S.-H.; Tsai, S.-C. Meaningful Multi-Stakeholder Participation via Social Media in Coastal Fishing Village Spatial Planning and Governance. Water 2025, 17, 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111703
Wang J, He M-M, Lee S-H, Tsai S-C. Meaningful Multi-Stakeholder Participation via Social Media in Coastal Fishing Village Spatial Planning and Governance. Water. 2025; 17(11):1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111703
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jing, Ming-Ming He, Su-Hsin Lee, and Shu-Chen Tsai. 2025. "Meaningful Multi-Stakeholder Participation via Social Media in Coastal Fishing Village Spatial Planning and Governance" Water 17, no. 11: 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111703
APA StyleWang, J., He, M.-M., Lee, S.-H., & Tsai, S.-C. (2025). Meaningful Multi-Stakeholder Participation via Social Media in Coastal Fishing Village Spatial Planning and Governance. Water, 17(11), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111703