The WRF-Driven Grid-Xin’anjiang Model and Its Application in Small and Medium Catchments of China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. The WRF Model
2.2. The Grid-XAJ Model
2.3. Successive Correction Method
2.4. The Penman–Monteith Equation
2.5. Evaluation Methods and Metrics
3. Study Area and Data
3.1. Study Catchments
3.2. Gauge Data
3.3. FNL Data
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Parameters Calibration
4.2. Evaluation of Two Rainfall Products
4.3. Characteristics of PEPM
4.4. Evaluation of Discharge
4.5. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Study Limitations and Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Parameterization Selected | Reference |
---|---|---|
Microphysics option | Thompson | Thompson [41] |
Cumulus option | Kain–Fritsch | Kain and Fritsch [42] |
Planetary boundary layer | YSU | Hong and Pan [43] |
Radiation physics option | RRTMG | Shin [44] |
Catchment | Year | Events | Simulation Period | Peak Discharge (m3/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tunxi | 2012 | 120423 | 23 April, 14:00–27 Aapril, 06:00 | 3170 |
2013 | 130606 | 6 June, 14:00–11 June, 20:00 | 3610 | |
2015 | 150607 | 7 June, 08:00–10 June, 17:00 | 3010 | |
2017 | 170623 | 23 June, 08:00–28 June, 00:00 | 4210 | |
Chenhe | 2003 | 030903 | 3 September, 02:00–8 September, 20:00 | 740 |
2005 | 050928 | 28 September, 08:00–3 October, 20:00 | 1740 | |
2011 | 110916 | 16 September, 14:00–21 September, 08:00 | 1200 | |
2012 | 120830 | 30 August, 20:00–3 September, 18:00 | 1710 |
Parameter | Description | Optimal Estimate of the Tunxi Catchment | Optimal Estimate of the Chenhe Catchment |
---|---|---|---|
K | Ratio of potential evapotranspiration to pan evaporation | 0.98 | 0.7 |
C | Evapotranspiration coefficient of deeper layer | 0.18 | 0.08 |
Ci | Recession constant of interflow storage | 0.3 | 0.55 |
Cg | Recession constant of groundwater storage | 0.98 | 0.87 |
Cs | Recession constant in the lag and route technique | 0.93 | 0.89 |
Lag | Lag time | 1.0 | 2.0 |
Catchment | Events | Wr | Wm | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RR | NSE | PBpr% | PBcr% | RR | NSE | PBpr% | PBcr% | ||
Tunxi | 120423 | 0.66 | 0.32 | −40.1 | −60.1 | 0.99 | 0.98 | −2.6 | −0.4 |
130606 | 0.90 | 0.80 | −10.3 | −14.3 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 3.5 | −2.0 | |
150607 | 0.73 | 0.18 | 33.9 | −4.6 | 0.99 | 0.98 | −4.8 | 3.3 | |
170623 | 0.69 | 0.36 | −35.8 | 13.1 | 0.99 | 0.99 | −8.1 | 6.7 | |
Chenhe | 030903 | 0.39 | −1.29 | 142.6 | 51.2 | 0.95 | 0.75 | 88.1 | 36.8 |
050928 | 0.18 | −1.62 | 83.7 | 15.9 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 10.3 | 15.8 | |
110916 | 0.45 | 0.18 | −58.0 | −16.0 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 17.3 | 13.8 | |
120830 | 0.70 | 0.42 | −47.8 | −38.3 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 23.0 | 21.1 |
Catchment | Event | Wr + PEPM | Wm + PEPM | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NSE | PB% | PBpf% | TEP (Hour) | NSE% | PB% | PBpf% | TEP (Hour) | ||
Tunxi | 120423 | 0.12 | −67.26 | −77.55 | −3 | 0.94 | 3.85 | −7.60 | 0 |
130606 | 0.93 | −5.42 | −25.38 | −2 | 0.91 | 4.18 | −16.24 | 1 | |
150607 | 0.82 | −1.51 | 36.41 | −2 | 0.94 | 1.71 | 14.51 | −2 | |
170623 | 0.68 | 11.96 | 31.36 | 0 | 0.96 | 4.14 | −5.59 | 0 | |
Chenhe | 030903 | 0.46 | 31.97 | −1.20 | −9 | 0.66 | 23.71 | 21.15 | 4 |
050928 | −1.65 | 24.48 | −1.49 | −42 | 0.54 | 26.08 | −9.06 | −3 | |
110916 | 0.54 | −16.43 | −29.75 | 20 | 0.87 | 19.20 | 16.27 | 0 | |
120830 | 0.54 | −42.58 | −48.40 | −5 | 0.66 | 41.69 | 7.10 | −2 |
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Gong, J.; Hu, Y.; Yao, C.; Ma, Y.; Sun, M.; Gong, J.; Shi, Z.; Li, J. The WRF-Driven Grid-Xin’anjiang Model and Its Application in Small and Medium Catchments of China. Water 2024, 16, 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010103
Gong J, Hu Y, Yao C, Ma Y, Sun M, Gong J, Shi Z, Li J. The WRF-Driven Grid-Xin’anjiang Model and Its Application in Small and Medium Catchments of China. Water. 2024; 16(1):103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010103
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Junchao, Youbing Hu, Cheng Yao, Yanan Ma, Mingkun Sun, Junfu Gong, Zhuo Shi, and Jingbing Li. 2024. "The WRF-Driven Grid-Xin’anjiang Model and Its Application in Small and Medium Catchments of China" Water 16, no. 1: 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16010103