The Drought of 2018–2019 in the Lusatian Neisse River Catchment in Relation to the Multiannual Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Data and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Changes in Air Temperature and Precipitation Totals in 1981–2020
4.2. Meteorological Droughts in 1981–2020
4.3. Hydrological Droughts in 1981–2020
4.4. Drought of 2018–2019
4.4.1. Meteorological Drought
4.4.2. Hydrological Drought
4.5. The Influence of Drought on the Selected Economic Sectors
5. Discussion and Conclusions
5.1. Weather Conditions in 2018 and 2019
5.2. Multiannual Climate Changes
5.3. Meteorological Drought
5.4. Hydrological Drought
5.5. The Impact of Drought on Economy and Natural Environment
5.6. Summary
5.7. Conclusions
- The episode of the 2018–2019 drought confirms the previous results that the last years were extraordinary from the climatological perspective. If such conditions continue, dry periods can occur more often in the future. Thermal precipitation conditions in 2018–2019 were significantly different from the mean multiannual values. Mean air temperature was the highest in the entire 1981–2020, while June 2019 was characterized by the highest values for the last 70 years;
- Both SPI12 and SPEI12 identified the drought of 2018–2019 as the most intensive episode in 1981–2020;
- The changes in thermal conditions indicate positive trends for air temperature. Further growth in this variable can additionally impact drought intensity and consequently contribute to the increase in the social-economic and environmental losses related to this phenomenon;
- The discussed drought episode showed that the effects of long-lasting dry periods can significantly affect multiple sectors. This influence is noticed especially in such sensitive regions as the Lusatian Neisse river basin, where agriculture, forestry, hydropower generation, and environment protection play an important role;
- The results of this study can be a source of information for local or regional planning processes, focused on the activities related to the meteorological and hydrological hazards.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dryness and Wetness Conditions | SPI and SPEI |
---|---|
Extreme drought | ≤−2.0 |
Severe drought | −2.0 < SPI ≤ −1.5 |
Moderate drought | −1.5 < SPI ≤ −0.5 |
Normal (normal conditions, no drought) | −0.5 < SPI ≤ 0.5 |
Moderately wet | 0.5 < SPI ≤ 1.5 |
Very wet | 1.5 < SPI ≤ 2.0 |
Extremely wet | >2.0 |
Water Gauge | Year | Start–End Date | Number of Days with Discharge Below | Resource Million m3 | Deficit Million m3 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Days | Q70% | Q90% | Q95% | ||||
Porajów | 2018 | 30 May–21 December | 222 | 175 | 156 | 144.4 | 28.2 |
236 | |||||||
2019–2020 | 14 June 2019–1 February 2020 | 225 | 165 | 129 | 136.9 | 24.9 | |
235 | |||||||
Sieniawka | 2018 | 10 April–20 December | 244 | 205 | 183 | 213.2 | 49.5 |
255 | |||||||
2019–2020 | 8 June 2019–27 January 2020 | 217 | 133 | 71 | 213.2 | 28.2 | |
234 | |||||||
Zgorzelec | 2018 | 1 May–21 December | 226 | 184 | 161 | 365.8 | 68.6 |
235 | |||||||
2019–2020 | 15 June 2019–31 January 2020 | 212 | 155 | 124 | 356.4 | 56.8 | |
231 | |||||||
Przewóz | 2018 | 6 May–22 December | 222 | 182 | 153 | 444.7 | 86.0 |
231 | |||||||
2019–2020 | 16 June 2019–1 February 2020 | 219 | 148 | 110 | 400.5 | 69.6 | |
231 |
Water Quality Indicator | Unit | Value (Water Quality Class)/Year | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
pH | - | 7.542 (I) | 7.633 (II) | 7.675 (I) | 7.750 (I) | 7.664 (I) | 7.550 (I) |
BOD5 | mg/L O2 | 2.825 (II) | 3.675 (II) | 2.850 (II) | 2.475 (I) | 3.227 (II) | 3.417 (II) |
Phosphates | mg/L PO43− | 0.101 (I) | 0.146 (below II) | 0.061 (I) | 0.027 (I) | 0.037 (I) | 0.047 (I) |
Nitrate nitrogen | mg/L N-NO3− | 2.003 (II) | 2.303 (II) | 2.365 (II) | 1.996 | 2.661 (below II) | 2.087 (II) |
Nitrite nitrogen | mg/L N-NO2− | 0.018 (II) | 0.020 (II) | 0.013 (II) | 0.021 | 0.032 (below II) | 0.021 (II) |
Kjeldahl nitrogen | mg/L N | 1.302 (II) | 1.877 (below II) | 0.729 (I) | 0.888 | 1.230 (II) | 0.505 (I) |
Total nitrogen | mg/L N | 3.317 (II) | 3.973 (below II) | 3.107 (II) | 2.830 | 3.912 (below II) | 2.921 (II) |
Total solid | mg/L | 15.342 (II) | 13.075 (II) | 14.333 (II) | 7.267 (I) | 25.255 (below II) | 11.442 (II) |
Sulphate | mg/L SO42− | 87.692 (below II) | 74.058 (II) | 68.417 (II) | 78.600 (below II) | 85.836 (below II) | 74.509 (II) |
Chloride | mg/L Cl− | 33.950 (II) | 25.150 (II) | 26.333 (II) | 32.500 | 36.800 (below II) | 29.060 (II) |
Sample Point | Diatom Index Value (Water Quality Class)/Year | ||
---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
Bielawa | 0.42 (II) | 0.48 (II) | 0.57 (I) |
Sanice | 0.5 (II) | 0.38 (III) | 0.58 (I) |
Potok | 0.6 (I) | 0.65 (I) | 0.56 (I) |
Siedlec | 0.58 (I) | 0.58 (I) | 0.55 (I) |
Olszyna | 0.6 (I) | 0.53 (II) | 0.63 (I) |
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Otop, I.; Adynkiewicz-Piragas, M.; Zdralewicz, I.; Lejcuś, I.; Miszuk, B. The Drought of 2018–2019 in the Lusatian Neisse River Catchment in Relation to the Multiannual Conditions. Water 2023, 15, 1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091647
Otop I, Adynkiewicz-Piragas M, Zdralewicz I, Lejcuś I, Miszuk B. The Drought of 2018–2019 in the Lusatian Neisse River Catchment in Relation to the Multiannual Conditions. Water. 2023; 15(9):1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091647
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtop, Irena, Mariusz Adynkiewicz-Piragas, Iwona Zdralewicz, Iwona Lejcuś, and Bartłomiej Miszuk. 2023. "The Drought of 2018–2019 in the Lusatian Neisse River Catchment in Relation to the Multiannual Conditions" Water 15, no. 9: 1647. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091647