Abundance of Microplastics in Two Venus Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) from Estuaries in Central Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples Collection
2.2. Microplastics Extraction and Analysis
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in the Hard Clam Meretrix lyrata
3.2. Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in the Undulate Venus Clam Paratapes undulatus
3.3. Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Estuarine Waters
4. Discussions
4.1. Microplastic Concentration in Bivalves
Group | Species | Area | Sampling Site | Digestion Solution | MPs Concentration | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Items g−1) | (Items Individual−1) | ||||||
Clam | Meretrix lyrata | Danang, Vietnam | Wild, Han River Estuary | KOH 10% | 4.71 ± 2.15 | 12.73 ± 4.49 | This study |
Clam | Meretrix lyrata | Danang, Vietnam | Wild, Cu De River Estuary | KOH 10% | 5.36 ± 2.69 | 13.20 ± 7.66 | This study |
Clam | Meretrix lyrata | Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam | Farm, Can Gio beach sand | KOH 10% | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | [37] |
Clam | Meretrix lyrata | Surat Thani, Thailand | Wild, Bandon Bay | H2O2 30% | 0.28 ± 0.06–0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.15–0.23 ± 0.09 | [38] |
Clam | Paratapes undulatus | Danang, Vietnam | Wild, Han River Estuary | KOH 10% | 2.17 ± 0.43 | 3.43 ± 0.98 | This study |
Clam | Paratapes undulatus | Danang, Vietnam | Wild, Cu De River Estuary | KOH 10% | 2.38 ± 1.28 | 3.30 ± 0.94 | This study |
Clam | Tapes philippinarum | South Korea | Market | KOH 10% | 0.34 ± 0.31 | 1.15 ± 0.74 | [24] |
Clam | Venerupis philippinarum | British Columbia | Wild | HNO3 69–71% | 0.9 ± 0.9 | n.a. | [21] |
Clam | Venerupis philippinarum | British Columbia | Farm | HNO3 69–71% | 1.7 ± 1.2 | n.a. | [21] |
Mussel | Perna viridis | Thanh Hoa, Vietnam | Wild | KOH 10% | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 2.60 ± 1.14 | [39] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | South Korea | Market | KOH 10% | 0.12 ± 0.11 | 0.68 ± 0.64 | [24] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | Belgium | Wild | HNO3 65%: HClO4 68% (4:1 v:v) | 0.26–0.51 | n.a. | [40] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | Belgium | Market | HNO3 65%: HClO4 68% (4:1 v:v) | 0.35 | n.a. | [40] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | France | Wild and farm | KOH 10% | 0.23 ± 0.20 | 0.60 ± 0.56 | [20] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | France | Wild | KOH 10% | 0.15 ± 0.06–0.25 ± 0.16 | 0.76 ± 0.40–0.78 ± 0.30 | [41] |
Mussel | Mytilus edulis | Germany | Farm | HNO3 69% | 0.36 ± 0.07 | n.a. | [23] |
Mussel | Mytilus galloprovincialis | Qingdao, China | Wild | KOH 10% | 2.0 | 0.53 | [25] |
Mussel | Mytilus galloprovincialis | Qingdao, China | Market/farm | KOH 10% | 3.17 | 1.9 | [25] |
Mussel | Mytilus galloprovincialis | Italy | Market | H2O2 30% | 4.4–11.4 | 3.6–12.4 | [26] |
Mussel | Mytilus galloprovincialis | Italy | Wild | H2O2 30% | 7.2 | 3.0 | [26] |
Oyster | Crassostrea gigas | France | Wild and farm | KOH 10% | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 2.10 ± 1.71 | [20] |
Oyster | Crassostrea gigas | South Korea | Market | KOH 10% | 0.07 ± 0.06 | 0.77 ± 0.74 | [24] |
Scallop | Patinopecten yessoensis | South Korea | Market | KOH 10% | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 1.21 ± 0.71 | [24] |
Scallop | Argopecten purpuratus | Lima, Peru | Market | KOH 10% | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 2.25 ± 0.54 | [45] |
4.2. Characteristics of Microplastics in Bivalve Species
4.3. Health Risk Posed to Bivalve Consumers
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
HRE | Han River Estuary |
CDRE | Cu De River Estuary |
PE | polyethylene |
PP | polypropylene |
LDPE | low-density polyethylene |
HDPE | high-density polyethylene |
PVC | polyvinyl chloride |
PET | polyethylene terephthalate |
PA | polyamide |
PAN | polyacrylonitrile |
PVOH | poly-ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers |
PDMS | polydimethylsiloxane |
PU | polyurethane |
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Species | Sampling Site | Number | Shell Length (cm) | Wet Tissue Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Meretrix lyrata | Han River Estuary | 15 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 2.80 ± 1.05 |
Cu De River Estuary | 15 | 3.8 ± 0.4 | 2.40 ± 0.73 | |
Paratapes undulatus | Han River Estuary | 15 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 1.56 ± 0.25 |
Cu De River Estuary | 15 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 1.58 ± 0.49 |
Area | Species | Microplastic Concentration in Bivalves (Items g−1) | Bivalve Consumption (g Person−1 Year−1) | Microplastic Concentration in Consumer (Items Person−1 Year−1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vietnam | Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) | 3.66 | 680 a | 2489 | This study |
South Korea | Bivalves (oyster Crassostrea gigas, mussel Mytilus edulis, Manila clam Tapes philippinarum, scallop Patinopecten yessoensis) | 0.15 | 3475 a | 521 | [24] |
China | Mussel | 2.4 | 2765 a | 6636 | [24] |
Iran | Mollusc (A. umbonella, A. purpuratus, P. radiata) | 2.0 | 2400 b | 4800 | [19] |
Belgium | Mollusc (M. edulis and C. gigas) | 0.42 | 26,316 b | 11,053 | [23] |
France and Ireland | Mollusc (M. edulis and C. gigas) | 0.42 | 4307 b | 1809 | [23] |
Canada | Mussel | 7.42 | 1133 a | 8407 | [24] |
Italy | Mussel | 8.33 | 1437 a | 11,970 | [24] |
UK | Mussel | 0.9 | 379 a | 341 | [24] |
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Tran-Nguyen, Q.A.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Phan, T.L.T.; Vo, M.V.; Trinh-Dang, M. Abundance of Microplastics in Two Venus Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) from Estuaries in Central Vietnam. Water 2023, 15, 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071312
Tran-Nguyen QA, Nguyen TQ, Phan TLT, Vo MV, Trinh-Dang M. Abundance of Microplastics in Two Venus Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) from Estuaries in Central Vietnam. Water. 2023; 15(7):1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071312
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran-Nguyen, Quynh Anh, Tuan Quy Nguyen, Thao Linh Thi Phan, Minh Van Vo, and Mau Trinh-Dang. 2023. "Abundance of Microplastics in Two Venus Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) from Estuaries in Central Vietnam" Water 15, no. 7: 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071312
APA StyleTran-Nguyen, Q. A., Nguyen, T. Q., Phan, T. L. T., Vo, M. V., & Trinh-Dang, M. (2023). Abundance of Microplastics in Two Venus Clams (Meretrix lyrata and Paratapes undulatus) from Estuaries in Central Vietnam. Water, 15(7), 1312. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15071312