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10.3390/w15040628
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Article

Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms

by
Tania Garcia-Ramirez
1,*,†,
Carlos A. Mendieta-Pino
1,†,
Federico León-Zerpa
1,†,
Alejandro Ramos-Martin
1,†,
Saulo Brito-Espino
1,† and
Gilberto M. Martel-Rodríguez
2,†
1
Department of Process Engineering, Institute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources (i-UNAT), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
2
Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), 35119 Santa Lucía, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Water 2023, 15(4), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040628
Submission received: 23 December 2022 / Revised: 22 January 2023 / Accepted: 31 January 2023 / Published: 6 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Wastewater Treatment and Reuse)
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Abstract

This work proposes a series of strategies and tools for the design and characterization of natural treatment systems of wastewater (NTSW) applied in livestock farms, considering the parameters of flow rate (Q), conductivity (EC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the waste generated, farm location, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and removal/reduction rate targets. The high organic load of the effluent generated in these farms has an important environmental impact, which is amplified in insular or isolated territories. The application of such treatment systems has demonstrated their suitability in these environments, but their design lacks proper characterization and sizing tools for their adequate operation. The proposed tools in this work are based on a collection of experimental data over a ten-year period of application of NTSW in real farms. This work contributes to facilitate the design and implementation of NTSW in farms located in isolated, island, or similar-size environments. Finally, as a practical application, an inventory and implementation of the tool developed for livestock farms on the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) is carried out.
Keywords: effluent characterization; natural systems; wastewater treatment plant design; livestock farms effluent characterization; natural systems; wastewater treatment plant design; livestock farms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garcia-Ramirez, T.; Mendieta-Pino, C.A.; León-Zerpa, F.; Ramos-Martin, A.; Brito-Espino, S.; Martel-Rodríguez, G.M. Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms. Water 2023, 15, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040628

AMA Style

Garcia-Ramirez T, Mendieta-Pino CA, León-Zerpa F, Ramos-Martin A, Brito-Espino S, Martel-Rodríguez GM. Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms. Water. 2023; 15(4):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040628

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garcia-Ramirez, Tania, Carlos A. Mendieta-Pino, Federico León-Zerpa, Alejandro Ramos-Martin, Saulo Brito-Espino, and Gilberto M. Martel-Rodríguez. 2023. "Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms" Water 15, no. 4: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040628

APA Style

Garcia-Ramirez, T., Mendieta-Pino, C. A., León-Zerpa, F., Ramos-Martin, A., Brito-Espino, S., & Martel-Rodríguez, G. M. (2023). Decision Strategy Tool for the Design of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) from Isolated Livestock Farms. Water, 15(4), 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040628

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