Water Inrush Mechanism and Treatment Measures in Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel—A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Analysis of Tunnel Water Inrush Mechanism
- (1)
- Analysis of karst development
- (2)
- Analysis of water inrush characteristics in the tunnel
2.2. Prevention and Control Measures of Tunnel Water Inrush
- (1)
- A three-dimensional terrain and tunnel model was constructed, and the location of karst caves in the model was arranged according to the results of geological radar detection. Different water pressure boundaries are set according to different working conditions.
- (2)
- The section that passes through the karst cave and is perpendicular to the tunnel axis is selected to analyze the calculation results, and different monitoring sites of the tunnel are selected to analyze the changes in water pressure distribution and displacement distribution of the tunnel and surrounding rock under different working conditions, so as to verify the effectiveness of the water inrush prevention measures.
2.3. Overview of Karst Area
2.3.1. Engineering Geological Conditions
2.3.2. Hydrogeological Conditions
2.3.3. Karst Development
Karst Development around the Tunnel
Development of Karst Inside the Mountain
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Water Inrush Mechanism in Tunnel
3.1.1. Characteristics of Water Inrush in Tunnel
Water Inrush in the Tunnel
Rainfall and Water Inflow Monitoring and Analysis
Analysis of Tunnel Water Inrush Characteristics
3.1.2. Analysis of Tunnel Water Inrush Mechanism
3.2. Study on Prevention and Control Measures of Water Inrush in Tunnel
3.2.1. Determination of Prevention and Control Measures
3.2.2. Numerical Simulation of Prevention and Control Measures
Numerical Simulation Calculation Model of Prevention and Control Measures
Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results of Control Measures
- (1)
- Variation of water pressure distribution in tunnel and surrounding rock
- (2)
- Displacement distribution changes of the tunnel and surrounding rock
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Through the monitoring of rainfall and water inflow in the tunnel, it was found that the occurrence of water inflow has an obvious lag compared with rainfall. By calculating the correlation coefficient, it is found that there is an obvious influence between them.
- (2)
- The karst development around the tunnel was studied by geological radar detection. The connectivity of mountain gully, tunnel water-gushing cavity, and spring points around the mountain was studied by demonstration test. It was proven that the tunnel water-gushing point and spring hole below the mountain were discharge points after the gully surface water entered the mountain.
- (3)
- Combined with the characteristics and hydrogeological conditions of tunnel water gushing, the mechanism of tunnel water gushing is analyzed. The strata fissures and karst through which the tunnel passes are well developed, and the connectivity is excellent. The tunnel was dug through the karst pipes that drain rainwater down the mountain. After rainfall, the rainwater flows through the karst pipeline here, causing large water pressure in the tunnel. The water pressure is released from the invert of the tunnel, the drainage pipe, and the transverse passage of the vehicle, forming the water inrush phenomenon in the tunnel.
- (4)
- In view of the water inrush mechanism, the measures to control the water inrush in the tunnel are optimized. The methods include supporting the drainage tunnel, dredging the karst cave, increasing the drainage capacity, reinforcing part of the section by grouting, and constructing the filling pile under the invert.
- (5)
- Through numerical simulation analysis, it is verified that the drainage tunnel and karst cave dredging scheme can effectively reduce the water pressure borne by the tunnel; the average water pressure can be reduced by 1.02 MPa to 168.1 kPa (average 83.5%); the deformation of the tunnel structure is kept within the safe range; and the maximum deformation is not more than 4 mm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Density (kg/m3) | Elasticity Modulus (GPa) | Cohesive Force (MPa) | Internal Friction Angle (°) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Permeability Coefficient (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dolomite | 2702 | 15.4 | 12.62 | 51.2 | 6.23 | 3.75 × 10−5 |
Lining | 2500 | 30 | — | — | — | 2 × 10−11 |
Distance from the Tunnel Exit (m) | Working Condition 1 (mm) | Working Condition 2 (mm) | After Treatment (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
50 | 1.04 | 1.25 | 1.26 |
105 | 1.44 | 1.72 | 1.82 |
180 | 1.86 | 2.28 | 2.47 |
295 | 2.43 | 3.01 | 3.22 |
343 | 2.43 | 3.05 | 3.21 |
492 | 2.90 | 3.69 | 3.82 |
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He, Y.; Wang, H.; Zhou, J.; Su, H.; Luo, L.; Zhang, B. Water Inrush Mechanism and Treatment Measures in Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel—A Case Study. Water 2023, 15, 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030551
He Y, Wang H, Zhou J, Su H, Luo L, Zhang B. Water Inrush Mechanism and Treatment Measures in Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel—A Case Study. Water. 2023; 15(3):551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030551
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Yuanzhi, Hanxun Wang, Jin Zhou, Haifeng Su, Li Luo, and Bin Zhang. 2023. "Water Inrush Mechanism and Treatment Measures in Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel—A Case Study" Water 15, no. 3: 551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030551