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Volume 15
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10.3390/w15234083
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Article

Estimating a Reliable Water Budget at a Basin Scale: A Comparison between the Geostatistical and Traditional Methods (Foro River Basin, Central Italy)

by
Alessia Di Giovanni
1,*,
Diego Di Curzio
2,
Davide Pantanella
1,
Cristiana Picchi
1 and
Sergio Rusi
1
1
Department of Engineering and Geology (InGeo), University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
2
Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2023, 15(23), 4083; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234083
Submission received: 23 October 2023 / Revised: 18 November 2023 / Accepted: 22 November 2023 / Published: 24 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data-Driven Approach Supporting Groundwater Resource Understanding, Protection and Management)
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Abstract

Recently, new numerical methods have been applied to weather data for the estimation of water budget, especially when the lack of measured data is considerable. Geostatistics is one of the most powerful approaches when it comes to studying spatially relevant natural phenomena, as it considers the spatial correlation among measurements over a specific study area and provides the associate uncertainty. In this study, we tested the feasibility of using a geostatistical method to provide a reliable estimation of the water budget of the Foro river basin (Central Italy) by comparing the obtained results with those of a traditional yet robust method. The results obtained with the geostatistical approach proved to be in line with the ones from the traditional method. Additionally, it was possible to quantify the uncertainty associated with the discharge values, making the estimates more reliable than the ones obtained with the traditional approach. However, the yearly distribution of river discharge obtained using both methods appeared to be dissimilar to the measured ones. The surface water uses, as well as the regulatory effect of the carbonate and alluvial aquifer regime, may affect the river discharge variability over the year and then can account for similar discrepancies between the inflow and outflow water volumes.
Keywords: water budget; Ordinary Kriging; alluvial basin water budget; Ordinary Kriging; alluvial basin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Di Giovanni, A.; Di Curzio, D.; Pantanella, D.; Picchi, C.; Rusi, S. Estimating a Reliable Water Budget at a Basin Scale: A Comparison between the Geostatistical and Traditional Methods (Foro River Basin, Central Italy). Water 2023, 15, 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234083

AMA Style

Di Giovanni A, Di Curzio D, Pantanella D, Picchi C, Rusi S. Estimating a Reliable Water Budget at a Basin Scale: A Comparison between the Geostatistical and Traditional Methods (Foro River Basin, Central Italy). Water. 2023; 15(23):4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234083

Chicago/Turabian Style

Di Giovanni, Alessia, Diego Di Curzio, Davide Pantanella, Cristiana Picchi, and Sergio Rusi. 2023. "Estimating a Reliable Water Budget at a Basin Scale: A Comparison between the Geostatistical and Traditional Methods (Foro River Basin, Central Italy)" Water 15, no. 23: 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234083

APA Style

Di Giovanni, A., Di Curzio, D., Pantanella, D., Picchi, C., & Rusi, S. (2023). Estimating a Reliable Water Budget at a Basin Scale: A Comparison between the Geostatistical and Traditional Methods (Foro River Basin, Central Italy). Water, 15(23), 4083. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234083

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