The Species Diversity of the Genus Echinogorgia in Xiamen Bay and Its New Record in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Station and Sample Collection
2.2. Material and Sample Processing
2.3. Experimental Instruments
2.4. Identification Method
2.5. Classification Basis
2.5.1. Identification Documents
2.5.2. DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification
2.5.3. Phylogenetic Analysis of Coral Samples Based on COI, mtMuts, and ITS Gene Fragments
3. Results
3.1. Systematic Approaches
3.1.1. Echinogorgia ramosa (Thomson and Henderson, 1905)
3.1.2. Echinogorgia flexilis (Thomson and Simpson, 1909)
3.1.3. Echinogorgia russelli (Bayer, 1949)
3.1.4. Echinogorgia ramulosa (Gray, 1870)
3.1.5. Echinogorgia gracillima (Kükenthal, 1917)
3.2. DNA Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Key Points for the Morphological Identification of the Genus Echinogorgia
4.2. Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Echinogorgia
4.3. Distribution of Species in the Genus Echinogorgia
4.4. Management Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Number | Species | GenBank Accession Number | Gene Segment |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Echinogorgia sp1 | OQ001251 | COI |
2 | Echinogorgia sp2 | OQ001252 | |
3 | Echinogorgia sp4 | OQ001253 | |
4 | Echinogorgia sp5 | OQ001254 | |
5 | Echinogorgia ramosa | OQ001255 | |
6 | Echinogorgia flexilis | OQ001256 | |
7 | Echinogorgia sp6 | OQ001257 | |
8 | Echinogorgia sp7 | OQ001258 | |
9 | Echinogorgia sp8 | OQ001259 | |
10 | Echinogorgia sp9 | OQ001260 | |
11 | Echinogorgia sp10 | OQ001261 | |
12 | Echinogorgia ramulosa | OQ001262 | |
13 | Echinogorgia gracillima | OQ001263 | |
14 | Echinogorgia sp. | MW401652.1 | |
15 | Echinomuricea sp. | KC984637.1 | |
16 | Echinogorgia sp1 | OQ061094 | mtMuts |
17 | Echinogorgia sp3 | OQ061095 | |
18 | Echinogorgia sp4 | OQ061096 | |
19 | Echinogorgia sp5 | OQ061097 | |
20 | Echinogorgia ramosa | OQ061098 | |
21 | Echinogorgia flexilis | OQ061099 | |
22 | Echinogorgia sp6 | OQ061100 | |
23 | Echinogorgia sp7 | OQ061101 | |
24 | Echinogorgia sp8 | OQ061102 | |
25 | Echinogorgia sp9 | OQ061103 | |
26 | Echinogorgia sp10 | OQ061104 | |
27 | Echinogorgia russelli | OQ061105 | |
28 | Echinogorgia ramulosa | OQ061106 | |
29 | Echinogorgia complexa | HQ694670.1 | |
30 | Echinogorgia complexa | HQ694668.1 | |
31 | Echinogorgia sp1 | OQ002388 | ITS1 |
32 | Echinogorgia sp2 | OQ002387 | |
33 | Echinogorgia sp3 | OQ002389 | |
34 | Echinogorgia sp8 | OQ002390 | |
35 | Echinogorgia russelli | OQ002405 | |
36 | Echinogorgia ramulosa | OQ002404 | |
37 | Menella indica | OP984327 | |
38 | Euplexaura sp2 | OQ002379 |
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Year | Station | Longitude | Latitude |
---|---|---|---|
2017 | Shangyu Island (SY) | 118°11′19″–118°11′25″ | 24°27′12″–24°27′13″ |
Huangcuo (HC) | 118°07′50″ | 24°25′25″ | |
Kulangsu Island (KLS) | 118°03′14″–118°03′41″ | 24°26′23″–24°26′35″ | |
Fire Island (FI) | 118°03′54″ | 24°29′35″ | |
Qingyu Island (QY) | 118°05′35″–118° 07′28″ | 24° 21′45″–24°21′55″ | |
Wuyu Island (WY) | 118° 03′54″–118° 08′35″ | 24° 20′23″–24° 29′35″ | |
Dabai Island (DB) | 118°26′58″–118°27′40″ | 24°33′46″–24°34′9″ | |
Xiaobai Island (XB) | 118°27′47″ | 24°33′21″ | |
Jiaoyu Island (JY) | 118°24′14″ | 24°32′41″ | |
Baiha Reef (BH) | 118°22′07″–118°22′17″ | 24°31′38″–24°31′55″ | |
2021 | Qingyu Island (QY) | 118°07′21″–118°07′50″ | 24°21′45″–24°22′11″ |
Wuyu Island (WY) | 118°08′28″–118°08′57″ | 24°20′31″–24°20′51″ | |
Dabai Island (DB) | 118°45′02″–118°46′06″ | 24°56′31″–24°57′51″ | |
Xiaobai Island (XB) | 118°42′58″–118°43′38″ | 24°58′26″–24°58′96″ |
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Wang, Y.-P.; Yang, J.; Chu, T.-J.; Liu, J.-Y. The Species Diversity of the Genus Echinogorgia in Xiamen Bay and Its New Record in China. Water 2023, 15, 3547. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15203547
Wang Y-P, Yang J, Chu T-J, Liu J-Y. The Species Diversity of the Genus Echinogorgia in Xiamen Bay and Its New Record in China. Water. 2023; 15(20):3547. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15203547
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yun-Pei, Jing Yang, Ta-Jen Chu, and Jia-Ying Liu. 2023. "The Species Diversity of the Genus Echinogorgia in Xiamen Bay and Its New Record in China" Water 15, no. 20: 3547. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15203547