Recent Advances in Bacterial Degradation of Hydrocarbons
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
3. Environmental Fate and Toxic Effects
4. Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons
5. Metabolic Degradation Pathways
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Substance Name | CAS Number | AA-EQS Surface Waters (μg/L) | MAC-EQS Inland Surface Waters (μg/L) | MAC-EQS Other Surface Waters (μg/L) | EQS Biota (μg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anthracene | 120-12-7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
benzo(a)pyrene | 50-32-8 | 1.7 × 10–4 | 0.27 | 0.027 | 5 |
benzo(b)fluoranthene | 205-99-2 | * | 0.017 | 0.017 | * |
benzo(g,h,i)perylene | 207-08-9 | * | 8.2 × 10–3 | 8.2 × 10–4 | * |
benzo(k)fluoranthene | 191-24-2 | * | 0.017 | 0.017 | * |
Fluoranthene | 206-44-0 | 0.0063 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 30 |
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene | 193-39-5 | * | - | - | * |
Naphthalene | 91-20-3 | 2 | 130 | 130 |
Genus/Species | Mechanism of Action/ Hydrocarbon | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas W10 | Biosurfactant production/ phenanthrene | [25] |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Biosurfactant production/ n-alkanes (C16–C19), fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene | [26] | |
Enterobacter cloacae | Biosurfactant production/ crude oil | [27] | |
Delftia sp. NL1 | Biosurfactant production/diesel | [28] | |
Achromobacter (AC15) | Biosurfactant production/ Pyrene | [29] | |
Acinetobacter | Biosurfactant production/ naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene | [11,32,33] | |
Pseudomonas putida | Chemotaxis/ Pyrene | [36] | |
Stenotrophomonas sp. Pemsol | Horizontal gene transfer/ biphenyl, anthraquinone, phenanthrene, naphthalene, phenanthridine | [37] | |
Actino bacteria | Rhodococcus sp. P14 | Change in fatty acid composition of cell membrane/biofilm formation/phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene | [38] |
Gene | Enzyme | Metabolism | |
---|---|---|---|
Aliphatics | alkB | Alkane 1-monooxygenase | Peripheral |
ladA | Long chain alkane monooxygenase | Peripheral | |
prmABCD | Propane monooxygenase | Peripheral | |
acmAB | Bayer-Villiger monooxygenase and esterase | Peripheral | |
Aromatics | benA | Benzoate 1,2 dioxygenase | Peripheral |
pobA | Hydrobenzoate 3-monooxygenase | Peripheral | |
bphAa | Biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
bphC | Dihydroxyphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
carAa | Carbazole 1,9-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
antA | Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
nahAa | Naphthalene1,2-dioxygenase (α-subunit) | Peripheral | |
nahAb | Naphthalene1,2-dioxygenase (β-subunit) | Peripheral | |
nahAc | Naphthalene1,2-dioxygenase (ferrodoxin) | Peripheral | |
nahC | 1,2-dihydroxy naphthalene dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
nagG | Salicylate 5-hydroxylase | Peripheral | |
poxA | Phenol hydroxylase | Peripheral | |
etbAa | Ethylbenzene dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
nidA | Phenanthrene dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
tphA2 | Terephthalate 1,2-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
phdF | 3,4-dihydroxy-phenanthrene dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
pht3 | Phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
phtAa | Phthalate 3,4-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
cmtAb | p-coumate dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
cmtC | 2,3-dihydroxy-p-coumate 3,4-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
hcaE | 3-phenylpropanoate/trans-cinnamate dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
mhpB | 2,3-dihydroxy phenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase | Peripheral | |
catA | Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase | Central | |
catE | Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase | Central | |
pcaG | Protocateucate 3,4-dioxygenase | Central | |
hmgA | Homogensite 1,2-dioxygenase | Central | |
ligA | Protocateucate 4,5-dioxygenase | Central | |
chqB | Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase | Central | |
badA | Benzoate-CoA ligase | Central | |
boxA | Benzoyl-CoA 2,3-epoxidase (α-subunit) | Central | |
boxB | Benzoyl-CoA 2,3-epoxidase (β-subunit) | Central | |
boxC | Benzoyl-CoA dihydrodiol lyase | Central | |
boxD | 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA-semialdehyde dehydrogenase | Central |
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Pandolfo, E.; Barra Caracciolo, A.; Rolando, L. Recent Advances in Bacterial Degradation of Hydrocarbons. Water 2023, 15, 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020375
Pandolfo E, Barra Caracciolo A, Rolando L. Recent Advances in Bacterial Degradation of Hydrocarbons. Water. 2023; 15(2):375. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020375
Chicago/Turabian StylePandolfo, Emiliana, Anna Barra Caracciolo, and Ludovica Rolando. 2023. "Recent Advances in Bacterial Degradation of Hydrocarbons" Water 15, no. 2: 375. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020375