Seasonal Changes in Upper Thermal Tolerances of Freshwater Thai Fishes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Fish Samples
2.3. Fish Rearing Condition
2.4. CTmax Measurement
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Data
3.2. CTmax of the Fish in Wet Season and Dry Season
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Physicochemical Parameters | Wet Season (May and August) | Dry Season (November and February) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Year 2017 | Year 2022 | Year 2017 | Year 2022 | |
Dissolved oxygen (DO, mgO2/L) | 8.1–8.5 | 8.7–9.1 | 8.7–9.1 | 8.6–9.1 |
8.3 ± 0.1 | 8.9 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 2.0 | |
Alkalinity (mgCaCO3/L) | 34–36 | 34–38 | 34–36 | 32–36 |
34.7 ± 0.8 | 35.7–1.5 | 35.0 ± 0.7 | 34.1 ± 1.6 | |
Silica (mgSiO2/L) | 34–35 | 34–37 | 35–38 | 35–38 |
37.7 ± 0.4 | 35.5 ± 1.2 | 36.3 ± 1.3 | 36.5 ± 1.2 | |
Ammonia (mgNH3N/L) | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.2 |
0.012 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.1 | |
Total iron (mgFe/L) | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.2 | 0.01–0.02 | 0.01–0.02 |
0.014 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.05 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | |
pH | 7.4–7.8 | 6.5–7.8 | 7.4–8.1 | 7.4–8.2 |
7.5 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 7.7 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | |
Canopy (%) | 45% | 40% | 30% | 30% |
45.0 ± 0.0 | 40.0 ± 0.0 | 30.0 ± 0.0 | 30.0 ± 0.0 |
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Share and Cite
Tongnunui, S.; Sooksawat, T.; Chotwiwatthanakun, C.; Supiwong, W.; Wattanakornsiri, A.; Beamish, F.W.H. Seasonal Changes in Upper Thermal Tolerances of Freshwater Thai Fishes. Water 2023, 15, 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020350
Tongnunui S, Sooksawat T, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Supiwong W, Wattanakornsiri A, Beamish FWH. Seasonal Changes in Upper Thermal Tolerances of Freshwater Thai Fishes. Water. 2023; 15(2):350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020350
Chicago/Turabian StyleTongnunui, Sampan, Treerat Sooksawat, Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun, Weerayuth Supiwong, Amnuay Wattanakornsiri, and F. W. H. Beamish. 2023. "Seasonal Changes in Upper Thermal Tolerances of Freshwater Thai Fishes" Water 15, no. 2: 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020350