Community Approach for Public Flower Garden Renovation in Hanoi Center: Perspective for Building a Green City
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Research Project
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. Landscape Approach and ULL Approach
- About the landscape approach:
- About the ULL approach:
2.2.2. Research Project Framework
- Phase 1
- Phase 2
3. Results
3.1. PFGs Mapping Data in Five Districts of Hanoi’s Historic Centre
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- A map of the locations of the PFGs in their respective districts: the document is rendered on a Google Maps background, where the district boundary and the location of the PFG are highlighted in color.
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- A Master plan of PFG provides an overall view from above of the components and the spatial composition of the PFG in the surrounding urban context.
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- The current state of the PFG’s vegetation is represented in two forms: photographs and cross-sections. The photos provide an overview of the different types of plants and planting methods used. The cross-sections illustrate the typical spatial composition of the planted areas within the PFG space. The number of photographs and sections varies depending on each specific situation.
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- The current state of human activities at the PFG is represented in three forms: photographs, a plan (same scale as the Master plan), and cross-sections. The photos provide an overview of people’s typical activities, while the plan and cross-sections represent the position and distribution of these activities within the spatial structure of the PFG. The number of shots and cross-sections varies depending on each situation.
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- Traffic in the PFG is described by a plan at the same scale as the Master plan. This document indicates the access to the PFE from surrounding areas and internal routes inside the PFG.
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- The lighting system at the PFG is explained through a plan (same scale as the Master plan) and cross-sections, showing the number, location, and lighting form of light poles. The number of the cross-sections depends on situation of each PFG.
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- Street furniture at the PFG, including urban equipment such as toilets, benches, billboards, etc., is integrally represented in the lighting system documents, depending on the situation of each PFG.
3.2. Sociological Survey
3.3. Landscape Design Proposals
3.4. Community Participation in the Landscape Design Process
4. Discussion
4.1. Identification of Characteristics and Properties of the PFGs in Hanoi’s Historic Centre to Recognize Their Role
4.1.1. Significant Cultural–Historical Values of the PFGs
4.1.2. Attractive and Multifunctional Qualities of PFG Spaces
- An important attractiveness of PFGs in Hanoi’s historic centre
- Dynamic and diverse usage of PFGs
- Highly frequented urban spaces with regular rhythms
4.1.3. Biodiversity and Permeability, Exceptional Ecological Values of PFGs
4.2. Community Participation in the Urban Landscape Design of PFG Thanh Niên: Effectiveness and Limit
4.2.1. An Experiment of Community Involvement at All Urban Landscape Design Steps
4.2.2. Discovery of Community Views on Changing the Approach to Water
- Greater attractiveness of PFGs near surface water
- Potential for re-naturalizing water bound PFGs
4.2.3. Stakeholders’ Involvement, Public Awareness, and Social Acceptance of the Design
4.3. Potential for Urban BGI Development with Community Participation
4.3.1. Fragmentation in the Management of Blue and Green Spaces in Vietnam
4.3.2. Potential for BGI Implementation in Hanoi
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
# | PFG | District | Area (ha) | Possessing Cultural and Historical Values |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Lê Nin | Ba Đình | 1.32 | Yes |
2. | Lê Trực | Ba Đình | 0.1 | Yes |
3. | Trúc Bạch | Ba Đình | 0.73 | Yes |
4. | Vạn Xuân | Ba Đình | 0.42 | Yes |
5. | Mùng 1 tháng 6 | Đống Đa | 1.36 | Yes |
6. | Trần Quang Diệu | Đống Đa | 1.3 | |
7. | Trường Đại học Công Đoàn | Đống Đa | 0.27 | |
8. | Trường Đại học Thủy Lợi | Đống Đa | 0.76 | |
9. | Hình Thang | Hai Bà Trưng | 0.06 | Yes |
10. | Hồ Hai Bà Trưng | Hai Bà Trưng | 1.33 | |
11. | Pasteur | Hai Bà Trưng | 0.09 | Yes |
12. | Vĩnh Tuy | Hai Bà Trưng | 1.6 | |
13. | Yersin | Hai Bà Trưng | 0.18 | Yes |
14. | Bác Cổ | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.17 | Yes |
15. | Chí Linh | Hoàn Kiếm | 1.04 | Yes |
16. | Cổ Tân | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.27 | Yes |
17. | Bà Kiệu | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.16 | Yes |
18. | Diên Hồng (Con Cóc) | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.44 | Yes |
19. | Hàng Trống | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.68 | Yes |
20. | Hoàn Kiếm | Hoàn Kiếm | 19.77 | Yes |
21. | Ngô Quyền | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.05 | |
22. | Quán Sứ | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.06 | Yes |
23. | Tao Đàn | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.14 | Yes |
24. | Tràng Thi | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.1 | Yes |
25. | Vườn hoa 19/8 | Hoàn Kiếm | 0.27 | Yes |
26. | Lạc Long Quân | Tây Hồ | 0.36 | |
27. | Lý Tự Trọng | Tây Hồ | 0.85 | Yes |
28. | Mai Xuân Thưởng | Tây Hồ | 0.87 | Yes |
29. | Quảng Bá | Tây Hồ | 0.63 | |
30. | Thanh Niên | Tây Hồ | 1.11 | Yes |
Decorative Works | |||
---|---|---|---|
Quantity | Decrease | Keep the same | Increase |
17% | 28.4% | 54.5% | |
Quality | Repair existing damage | Keep the same | Replace |
34.8% | 5.6% | 59.6% | |
Lighting Equipment | |||
Quantity | Decrease | Keep the same | Increase |
2.2% | 27.8% | 70% | |
Quality | Repair existing damage | Keep the same | Replace |
31% | 24.9% | 54% | |
Play Equipment | |||
Quantity | Decrease | Keep the same | Increase |
9.9% | 40.7% | 49.5% | |
Quality | Repair existing damage | Keep the same | Replace |
34.9% | 15.1% | 50% | |
Fitness Equipment | |||
Quantity | Decrease | Keep the same | Increase |
11.1% | 40% | 48.9% | |
Quality | Repair existing damage | Keep the same | Replace |
34.1% | 19.3% | 46.6% |
Idea | Explanation |
---|---|
POTENTIAL PUBLIC SPACE | Overall, the West Lake area has five flower gardens and other public spaces for the purpose of serving the community. These spaces can act as the main highlight of the itinerary to explore the ecological landscape of West Lake. |
NATURAL DEVELOPMENT SPACE | West Lake also has potential spaces for natural development. These are spaces that are not located near residential areas or high-density traffic roads, such as the Dam Sen area north of West Lake, the area near Phu Tây Hồ, etc. |
WETLAND ECOSYSTEM | West Lake is a potential area to establish a sustainable wetland ecosystem. Landscape design with a tendency to respect nature will contribute to the protection of biodiversity. The presence of native species such as Eurasian coot, white stork, etc. will create a unique identity for the space of West Lake. Moreover, aquatic plants also help to improve and clean the lake water. |
“SOFT BANK REVETEMENT” ENGINEERING | Currently, many projects in the world have applied the “soft bank revetment” method. In Vietnam, however, this method has not been widely applied. Geotextile material is combined with rock to stabilize the bank. Advantages of this method: safe to execute, easy to find and use local materials, sustainable and UV resistant, not much mechanical support is required. |
DISCOVERY WALKWAY | This is the proposed design of a wooden walkway network to access the wetland area. These promenades will increase the active space for people, open new interesting features, and increase the diversity of the landscape of the West Lake area. The proposed material is wood, to create harmony with the natural landscape here. |
PARKING | It is proposed to strengthen the network of small parking lots and arrange them around West Lake, to bring convenience to users, as well as to limit the phenomenon of parking on the sidewalk due to lack of parking space. |
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Action | Shouldn’t Do | Keep the Same | Should Do |
---|---|---|---|
Naturalize the water bank | 15.9% | 6.8% | 77.3% |
Remove the balustrade | 35.2% | 23.9% | 40.9% |
Make a stage towards the lake | 25.8% | 10.1% | 64% |
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Nguyen, T.H.; Orange, D. Community Approach for Public Flower Garden Renovation in Hanoi Center: Perspective for Building a Green City. Water 2023, 15, 2712. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152712
Nguyen TH, Orange D. Community Approach for Public Flower Garden Renovation in Hanoi Center: Perspective for Building a Green City. Water. 2023; 15(15):2712. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152712
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Thai Huyen, and Didier Orange. 2023. "Community Approach for Public Flower Garden Renovation in Hanoi Center: Perspective for Building a Green City" Water 15, no. 15: 2712. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152712