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Volume 14
Issue 24
10.3390/w14244136
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Article

Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies

by
Fulvio Onorati
1,*,
Andrea Tornambé
1,
Andrea Paina
1,
Chiara Maggi
1,
Giulio Sesta
1,
Maria Teresa Berducci
1,
Micol Bellucci
2,
Enrico Rivella
3 and
Susanna D’Antoni
1
1
Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, 00144 Rome, Italy
2
Research and Science Department, Italian Space Agency, 00133 Rome, Italy
3
Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), 10135 Torino, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2022, 14(24), 4136; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14244136
Submission received: 18 November 2022 / Revised: 14 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 December 2022 / Published: 19 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecotoxicological Risk in Aquatic Environments)
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Abstract

Despite laws and directives for the regulation and restriction of pesticides in farming, the large use of Plant-Protection Products (PPPs) in paddy fields is a relevant worldwide cause of environmental contamination. The aim of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact due to the use of PPPs by using an integrated approach based on chemical analyses and ecotoxicological hazard assessment, supported by statistical tools, in order to overcome the issues related to traditional tabular evaluation. Samples of soil and water of seven conventional and organic paddies located in Northern Italy were examined for two years. The results evidenced a direct relationship between the presence of Oxadiazon in water and bioassay responses as the main cause of the toxicity measured. This phenomenon affected both biological and conventional rice fields, due to the free circulation of water through irrigation canals. Therefore, the implementation of organic districts with water circulation isolated from conventional fields represents a simple and effective countermeasure to safeguard the agricultural practices of organic crops.
Keywords: environmental impact assessment; bioassays; ecotoxicological hazard; pesticides; oxadiazon environmental impact assessment; bioassays; ecotoxicological hazard; pesticides; oxadiazon

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MDPI and ACS Style

Onorati, F.; Tornambé, A.; Paina, A.; Maggi, C.; Sesta, G.; Berducci, M.T.; Bellucci, M.; Rivella, E.; D’Antoni, S. Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies. Water 2022, 14, 4136. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14244136

AMA Style

Onorati F, Tornambé A, Paina A, Maggi C, Sesta G, Berducci MT, Bellucci M, Rivella E, D’Antoni S. Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies. Water. 2022; 14(24):4136. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14244136

Chicago/Turabian Style

Onorati, Fulvio, Andrea Tornambé, Andrea Paina, Chiara Maggi, Giulio Sesta, Maria Teresa Berducci, Micol Bellucci, Enrico Rivella, and Susanna D’Antoni. 2022. "Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies" Water 14, no. 24: 4136. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14244136

APA Style

Onorati, F., Tornambé, A., Paina, A., Maggi, C., Sesta, G., Berducci, M. T., Bellucci, M., Rivella, E., & D’Antoni, S. (2022). Ecotoxicological and Chemical Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects from Pesticide Use in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies. Water, 14(24), 4136. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14244136

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