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Water
Volume 14
Issue 2
10.3390/w14020260
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Communication

The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment

by
Ran Tao
1,
Huichen Yang
1,
Xuesong Cui
1,
Minhui Xiao
1,2,
Nadège Gatcha-Bandjun
3,
Joseline Flore Kenmogne-Tchidjo
4,
Mesia Lufingo
5,6,
Bernard Konadu Amoah
2,
Raoul Tepong-Tsindé
1,7,
Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé
2,7,
Marquise Touomo-Wouafo
8,
Brice Donald Btatkeu-K
8,
Willis Gwenzi
9,
Rui Hu
2,
Jean Bosco Tchatchueng
8,
Hans Ruppert
10 and
Chicgoua Noubactep
1,2,6,11,12,*
1
Angewandte Geologie, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
2
School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, Nanjing 211100, China
3
Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Maroua, Maroua B.P. 46, Cameroon
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé B.P. 812, Cameroon
5
Faculty of Science and Technology, Teofilo Kisanji University, Mbeya P.O. Box 1104, Tanzania
6
Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania
7
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala B.P. 24157, Cameroon
8
National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere B.P. 455, Cameroon
9
Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe
10
Department of Sedimentology & Environmental Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
11
Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
12
Faculty of Science and Technology, Campus of Banekane, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté B.P. 208, Cameroon
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Panagiotis Karanis, Layla Ben Ayed, Eleni Golomazou, Patrick Scheid, Ourania Tzoraki, Anna Lass and Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
Water 2022, 14(2), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020260
Received: 12 December 2021 / Revised: 12 January 2022 / Accepted: 14 January 2022 / Published: 17 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Emerging Solutions for Water, Sanitation and Hygiene)
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Abstract

Metallic iron (Fe0) corrosion under immersed conditions (Fe0/H2O system) has been used for water treatment for the past 170 years. Fe0 generates solid iron corrosion products (FeCPs) which are known to in situ coat the surface of aggregates, including granular activated carbon (GAC), gravel, lapillus, manganese oxide (MnO2), pyrite (FeS2), and sand. While admixing Fe0 and reactive aggregates to build hybrid systems (e.g., Fe0/FeS2, Fe0/MnO2, Fe0/sand) for water treatment, it has been largely overlooked that these materials would experience reactivity loss upon coating. This communication clarifies the relationships between aggregate addition and the sustainability of Fe0/H2O filtration systems. It is shown that any enhanced contaminant removal efficiency in Fe0/aggregate/H2O systems relative to the Fe0/H2O system is related to the avoidance/delay of particle cementation by virtue of the non-expansive nature of the aggregates. The argument that aggregate addition sustains any reductive transformation of contaminants mediated by electrons from Fe0 is disproved by the evidence that Fe0/sand systems are equally more efficient than pure Fe0 systems. This demonstration corroborates the concept that aqueous contaminant removal in iron/water systems is not a process mediated by electrons from Fe0. This communication reiterates that only hybrid Fe0/H2O filtration systems are sustainable. View Full-Text
Keywords: hybrid systems; iron corrosion products; groundwater remediation; permeable reactive barrier; zero-valent iron hybrid systems; iron corrosion products; groundwater remediation; permeable reactive barrier; zero-valent iron
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MDPI and ACS Style

Tao, R.; Yang, H.; Cui, X.; Xiao, M.; Gatcha-Bandjun, N.; Kenmogne-Tchidjo, J.F.; Lufingo, M.; Konadu Amoah, B.; Tepong-Tsindé, R.; Ndé-Tchoupé, A.I.; Touomo-Wouafo, M.; Btatkeu-K, B.D.; Gwenzi, W.; Hu, R.; Tchatchueng, J.B.; Ruppert, H.; Noubactep, C. The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment. Water 2022, 14, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020260

AMA Style

Tao R, Yang H, Cui X, Xiao M, Gatcha-Bandjun N, Kenmogne-Tchidjo JF, Lufingo M, Konadu Amoah B, Tepong-Tsindé R, Ndé-Tchoupé AI, Touomo-Wouafo M, Btatkeu-K BD, Gwenzi W, Hu R, Tchatchueng JB, Ruppert H, Noubactep C. The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment. Water. 2022; 14(2):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020260

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao, Ran, Huichen Yang, Xuesong Cui, Minhui Xiao, Nadège Gatcha-Bandjun, Joseline F. Kenmogne-Tchidjo, Mesia Lufingo, Bernard Konadu Amoah, Raoul Tepong-Tsindé, Arnaud I. Ndé-Tchoupé, Marquise Touomo-Wouafo, Brice D. Btatkeu-K, Willis Gwenzi, Rui Hu, Jean B. Tchatchueng, Hans Ruppert, and Chicgoua Noubactep. 2022. "The Suitability of Hybrid Fe0/Aggregate Filtration Systems for Water Treatment" Water 14, no. 2: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020260

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