Real-Time Properties of Hydraulic Jump off a Tidal Bore, Its Generation and Transport Mechanisms: A Case Study of the Kampar River Estuary, Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site and Field Observation
2.2. Mounting Scheme and Geometry of Kampar River
2.3. Tidal Data Analyses
2.4. Calculating the Approximate Tidal Bore Height
2.5. Acoustic-Based Suspended Sediment Estimation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Tidal Harmonic Analysis in the Kampar River Estuary
3.2. Tidal Range Profiles and Tidal Bore Generation
3.3. Hydraulic Jump Properties of Tidal Bores
3.4. Suspended Sediment Concentration and Flux during the Passage of Bores
3.5. Implication of the Tidal Bore Passage to the Surrounding Environment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Observation Station | Area Location | Deployment Coordinates | Instrument Specifications | Deployment Setup | Survey Period (Western Indonesian Time UTC+07:00) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Longitude | Latitude | |||||
MD-1 | Mendol Island | 103.212° E | 0.503° N | Tide Master Valeport Range: min 0.8 m and max 20 m Beam angle: ± 6° Frequency: 25 GHz Accuracy: ± 10 mm Precision: 1 mm |
| 23 April 2016 15:45 to 31 May 2016 16:00 |
KP-1 | Tanjung Tersendu-sendu | 102.624° E | 0.225° N | ADCP Nortek Aquadopp Acoustic frequency: 0.6 MHz Max profile range: 30–40 m Cell-size: 1–4 m Minimum blanking: 0.5 m Max cell: 128 Velocity range: ± 10 m/s Accuracy: 1% of measured value ± 0.5 m/s Max sampling range: 1 Hz |
| 24 April 2016 13:30 to 25 April 2016 14:55 |
KP-2 | Teluk Meranti | 102.568° E | 0.165° N | 25 April 2016 17:00 to 26 April 2016 17:25 | ||
KP-3 | Baru Island | 103.005° E | 0.336° N | 20 August 2016 11:00 to 22 August 2016 19:55 | ||
KP-4 | Tanjung Mentangor | 102.480° E | 0.241° N | Teledyne RD Instrument Workhorse Sentinel Center working frequency: 614 kHz Max. typical profiling range: 70 m Nadir angle: 20 deg Max. number of cells per beam: 256 Min. Blanking distance: 0.5 m Cell size: 0.25–4 m Max. ping range: 3 Hz Max. velocity: 10 m/s Cell overlap: 25% |
| 21 August 2016 11:30 to 23 August 2016 15:00 |
Tidal Constituents | Simulated Data | Observed Data | Angular Frequency (Degree/Hour) | RMSE (cm) | Species | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amplitude (cm) | Phase Lag (°) | Amplitude (cm) | Phase Lag (°) | ||||
M2 | 113.02 | 199.25 | 115.74 | 164.77 | 28.98 | 1.92 | Principal lunar semidiurnal |
S2 | 52.78 | 35.09 | 55.80 | 49.92 | 30.00 | 2.21 | Principal solar semidiurnal |
N2 | 24.87 | 188.15 | 29.98 | 157.23 | 28.44 | 3.61 | Larger lunar elliptic semidiurnal |
K2 | 11.26 | 104.60 | 11.96 | 191.47 | 30.08 | 0.49 | Lunisolar semidiurnal |
K1 | 36.61 | 89.55 | 34.19 | 50.56 | 15.04 | 1.71 | Lunar diurnal |
O1 | 23.36 | 42.29 | 27.57 | 69.69 | 13.94 | 2.98 | Lunar diurnal |
P1 | 14.40 | −54.15 | 11.92 | −45.38 | 14.96 | 1.75 | Solar diurnal |
M4 | 15.14 | −4.08 | 15.02 | −2.41 | 57.97 | 0.08 | Shallow water over-tides of principal lunar |
MS4 | 13.96 | 187.41 | 12.01 | 170.24 | 58.98 | 1.38 | Shallow water quarter diurnal |
Location | Area (m2) | Volume (m3) |
---|---|---|
Teluk Meranti village | 41,701,000 | 83,400,000 |
P. Muda village | 23,270,000 | 46,540,000 |
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Wisha, U.J.; Wijaya, Y.J.; Hisaki, Y. Real-Time Properties of Hydraulic Jump off a Tidal Bore, Its Generation and Transport Mechanisms: A Case Study of the Kampar River Estuary, Indonesia. Water 2022, 14, 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162561
Wisha UJ, Wijaya YJ, Hisaki Y. Real-Time Properties of Hydraulic Jump off a Tidal Bore, Its Generation and Transport Mechanisms: A Case Study of the Kampar River Estuary, Indonesia. Water. 2022; 14(16):2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162561
Chicago/Turabian StyleWisha, Ulung Jantama, Yusuf Jati Wijaya, and Yukiharu Hisaki. 2022. "Real-Time Properties of Hydraulic Jump off a Tidal Bore, Its Generation and Transport Mechanisms: A Case Study of the Kampar River Estuary, Indonesia" Water 14, no. 16: 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162561