The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Freeze-Thaw Process of Indoor and Field Experiment
2.2. Soil Moisture of Indoor and Field Experiment
2.3. Differences in Freeze-Thaw Conditions
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion Process and Amounts
3.2. Effect of Soil Erosion on Freeze-Thaw Action
3.3. Different Scales Monitoring of Freeze-Thaw and Soil Erosion
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Moisture
4.2. Soil Structures
4.3. Soil Properties
4.4. Soil Erodibility
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Authors | Soil Types | Main Results | Citations |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Viklander | Silty soil | Soil porosity ratio decreased to a constant value after 1–3 FTCs | [57] |
2 | Xiao et al. | Loess soil | Soil porosity appeared to decrease and then rise to a stable state after 10th cycles | [59] |
3 | Jiang et al. | Black soil in China | The soil porosity increased from 7.8 to 23.34% after 20th FCTs | [66] |
4 | Staricka & Benoit | Clay loam | Moisture content was the most important factor influencing aggregate stability | [67] |
5 | Lehrsch | Black soil in China | Soil aggregates at the soil surface rose with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, peaking after 2–3 cycles | [68] |
6 | Bochove et al. | Clay soil | The negative effects of freeze-thaw on aggregates stability were more pronounced for aggregates larger than 0.25 mm. | [69] |
7 | Oztas & Fayetorbay | Soils formed on different parent materials | Wet aggregate stability increased when freeze-thaw cycle s increased from 3 to 6, but decreased after that point. The percentage of water-stable aggregates in all soils at −18 °C was less than that at −4 °C. | [70] |
8 | Kvaerno & Oygarden | Wet sieve or rainfall | Stability of all soil aggregates significantly decreased following freeze-thaw induced by wet sieve or rainfall | [12] |
9 | Wang et al. | Clay loam | By experimenting with 96 groups, the water stability of aggregates in clay loam decreased following freeze-thaw | [71] |
10 | Edwards | Loam, sandy loam and fine sandy loam | In loamy soils and fine sandy loam soil with high contents of aggregate, content of aggregate larger than 4.75 mm decreased, while that of aggregate lesser than 0.5 mm increased from 19 to 70% following 15th freeze-thaw cycles. | [19] |
11 | Li, G.Y. and Fan, H.M. | Black soil in China | Water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups (>5, 5–3, 3–2, and 2–1 mm) decreased while those of the two smaller particle size groups (1–0.5 and 0.5–0.25 mm) increased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. | [21] |
12 | Jin et al. | Black soil in China | Aggregate porosity increased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, ranging from 32.4 to 41.4%. Aggregate porosity was important in the aggregate stability under freeze-thaw condition. | [72] |
Erosion Resistance | Correlation | Clay | Silt | Sandy | Bulk Density | Porosity | Generalized Soil Structure | Water Stable Aggregates | Shear Strength | Hardness | Soil Organic Matter |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil erodibility | Correlation Coefficient | −0.64 | −0.03 | 0.64 | −0.95 | 0.95 | 0.80 | −0.98 | −0.96 | −0.86 | −0.01 |
Value of p | 0.36 | 0.97 | 0.36 | 0.054 | 0.047 * | 0.20 | 0.02 * | 0.04 * | 0.14 | 0.99 |
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Zhang, L.; Ren, F.; Li, H.; Cheng, D.; Sun, B. The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review. Water 2021, 13, 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081010
Zhang L, Ren F, Li H, Cheng D, Sun B. The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review. Water. 2021; 13(8):1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081010
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Lei, Feipeng Ren, Hao Li, Dongbing Cheng, and Baoyang Sun. 2021. "The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review" Water 13, no. 8: 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081010
APA StyleZhang, L., Ren, F., Li, H., Cheng, D., & Sun, B. (2021). The Influence Mechanism of Freeze-Thaw on Soil Erosion: A Review. Water, 13(8), 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13081010