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Water
Volume 13
Issue 24
10.3390/w13243487
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Article

Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec

by
Ali Arkamose Assani
1,*,
Ayoub Zeroual
2,
Alexandre Roy
1,3 and
Christophe Kinnard
1
1
Department of Environmental Sciences and Research Centre for Watershed-Aquatic Ecosystem Interactions (RIVE, UQTR), University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
2
Higher National School of Hydraulics, Blida 09000, Algeria
3
Centre d’Applications et de Recherches en Télédétection (CARTEL), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Maria Mimikou
Water 2021, 13(24), 3487; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243487
Received: 29 October 2021 / Revised: 24 November 2021 / Accepted: 2 December 2021 / Published: 7 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
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Abstract

Several statistical methods were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of daily minimum extreme flows (DMEF) in 17 watersheds—divided into three homogenous hydroclimatic regions of southern Quebec—during the transitional seasons (spring and fall), during the 1930–2019 period. Regarding spatial variability, there was a clear difference between the south and north shores of the St. Lawrence River, south of 47° N. DMEF were lower in the more agricultural watersheds on the south shore during transitional seasons compared to those on the north shore. A correlation analysis showed that this difference in flows was mainly due to more agricultural areas ((larger area (>20%) on the south than on the north shore (<5%)). An analysis of the long-term trend of these flows showed that the DMEF of south-shore rivers have increased significantly since the 1960s, during the fall (October to December), due to an increase in rainfall and a reduction in cultivated land, which increased the infiltration in the region. Although there was little difference between the two shores in the spring (April to June), we observed a decrease in minimum extreme flows in half (50%) of the south-shore rivers located north of 47° N. View Full-Text
Keywords: minimum extreme flows; spring; fall; agriculture; hydrology; watersheds; infiltration; long-term trend; statistical analysis minimum extreme flows; spring; fall; agriculture; hydrology; watersheds; infiltration; long-term trend; statistical analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Assani, A.A.; Zeroual, A.; Roy, A.; Kinnard, C. Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec. Water 2021, 13, 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243487

AMA Style

Assani AA, Zeroual A, Roy A, Kinnard C. Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec. Water. 2021; 13(24):3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Assani, Ali A., Ayoub Zeroual, Alexandre Roy, and Christophe Kinnard. 2021. "Impacts of Agricultural Areas on Spatio-Temporal Variability of Daily Minimum Extreme Flows during the Transitional Seasons (Spring and Fall) in Southern Quebec" Water 13, no. 24: 3487. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243487

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