HCH Removal in a Biochar-Amended Biofilter
1
Department of Applied Biology, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Bendlova 7, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic
2
Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
3
Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MES RK, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Pedro N. Carvalho and Víctor Matamoros
Water 2021, 13(23), 3396; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233396
Received: 1 November 2021
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Revised: 26 November 2021
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Accepted: 29 November 2021
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Published: 1 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nature-Based Solutions for the Mitigation of Persistent and Emerging Contaminants)
This study evaluated the efficiency of two biofilter systems, with and without biochar chambers installed, at degrading and removing HCH and its isomers in natural drainage water. The biochar biofilter proved to be 96% efficient at cleaning HCH and its transformation products from drainage water, a significant improvement over classic biofilter that remove, on average, 68% of HCH. Although iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, such as Gallionella and Sulfuricurvum, were dominant in the biochar bed outflows, they were absent in sediments, which were rich in Simplicispira, Rhodoluna, Rhodoferax, and Flavobacterium. The presence of functional genes involved in the biodegradation of HCH isomers and their byproducts was confirmed in both systems. The high effectiveness of the biochar biofilter displayed in this study should further encourage the use of biochar in water treatment solutions, e.g., for temporary water purification installations during the construction of other long-term wastewater treatment technologies, or even as final solutions at contaminated sites.
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Keywords:
biodegradation; biochar; constructed wetlands; microbial communities hexachlorocyclohexane; lindane
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ZIP-Document (ZIP, 341 KiB)
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Externally hosted supplementary file 1
Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.5636160
Link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636160
Description: The following are available online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5636160: Figure S1. Relative representation of microorganisms at the family level (abundance > 5 %) in the control biofilter inflow, outflow and sediment samples on September 26th 2018; Figure S2. Relative representation of microorgan-isms at the family level (abundance > 5 %) in the biochar bed inflow, outflow and sediment sam-ples on September 26th 2018; Figure S3. Relative representation of microorganisms at the family level (abundance > 2 %) in control biofilter and biochar biofilter sediment samples on November 1st 2019; Table S1. Concentration of HCH isomers during experiment (LOQ < 0.01 µg L-1); Table S2. Concentration of Chlorobenzenes (ClBs) during experiment; Table S3. Concentration of Chlo-rophenols (ClPhs) during experiment.
MDPI and ACS Style
Amirbekov, A.; Mamirova, A.; Sevcu, A.; Spanek, R.; Hrabak, P. HCH Removal in a Biochar-Amended Biofilter. Water 2021, 13, 3396. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233396
AMA Style
Amirbekov A, Mamirova A, Sevcu A, Spanek R, Hrabak P. HCH Removal in a Biochar-Amended Biofilter. Water. 2021; 13(23):3396. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233396
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmirbekov, Aday, Aigerim Mamirova, Alena Sevcu, Roman Spanek, and Pavel Hrabak. 2021. "HCH Removal in a Biochar-Amended Biofilter" Water 13, no. 23: 3396. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233396
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