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Water
Volume 13
Issue 21
10.3390/w13213062
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Article

Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide

by
Siti Fatihah Ramli
1,
Hamidi Abdul Aziz
1,2,*,
Fatehah Mohd Omar
1,
Mohd Suffian Yusoff
1,2,
Herni Halim
1,
Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin
3,
Kamar Shah Ariffin
4 and
Yung-Tse Hung
5
1
School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
2
Solid Waste Management Cluster, Science and Technology Research Centre, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
3
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
4
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Ruben Miranda
Water 2021, 13(21), 3062; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213062
Received: 27 September 2021 / Revised: 29 October 2021 / Accepted: 30 October 2021 / Published: 2 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Quality Engineering and Wastewater Treatment Ⅱ)
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Abstract

Tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as a coagulant and rubber seed (Hevea brasiliensis) (RS), and polyacrylamide (PAM) as the coagulant aid were investigated in this work to treat matured and stabilised landfill leachate rich in COD and colour. A standard jar test was conducted at different pH values and dosages of coagulant/coagulant aid. When SnCl4 acted as the primary coagulant, the optimum conditions occurred at pH 8 and 10,000 mg/L dosages, with 97.3% and 81% reductions of colour and COD, respectively. Both RS and PAM were not effective when used alone. When RS was used as the coagulant aid, the dosage of SnCl4 was reduced to 8000 mg/L. The colour reduction was maintained at 97.6%, but the COD removal dropped to 43.1%. In comparison, when PAM was supplemented into 6000 mg/L SnCl4, the reduction in colour was maintained at 97.6%, and the COD removal was almost at par when SnCl4 was used alone. The addition of polymers as the coagulant aid helped in improving the sludge properties with a better settling rate (SSR) and larger flocs size. The decline of the SVI value indicates that less amount of sludge will be disposed of after the treatment. In addition, the rise of settling velocity (SSR) will reduce the size of the settling tank used in coagulation-flocculation treatment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that incorporation of coagulant aid into the treatment reduced the primary coagulant dosage without affecting the removal performances of pollutants. View Full-Text
Keywords: coagulation; flocculation; coagulant aid; colour; chemical oxygen demand; solid waste coagulation; flocculation; coagulant aid; colour; chemical oxygen demand; solid waste
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MDPI and ACS Style

Ramli, S.F.; Aziz, H.A.; Omar, F.M.; Yusoff, M.S.; Halim, H.; Kamaruddin, M.A.; Ariffin, K.S.; Hung, Y.-T. Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide. Water 2021, 13, 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213062

AMA Style

Ramli SF, Aziz HA, Omar FM, Yusoff MS, Halim H, Kamaruddin MA, Ariffin KS, Hung Y-T. Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide. Water. 2021; 13(21):3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213062

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramli, Siti Fatihah, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Fatehah Mohd Omar, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, Herni Halim, Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin, Kamar Shah Ariffin, and Yung-Tse Hung. 2021. "Reduction of COD and Highly Coloured Mature Landfill Leachate by Tin Tetrachloride with Rubber Seed and Polyacrylamide" Water 13, no. 21: 3062. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13213062

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