Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor (ThMBR): Characteristics and Monitoring
2.2. Respirometric Tests
2.2.1. Aqueous Residues
2.2.2. Practical Procedure
2.3. Analytical Procedures
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Performance on Chemical Pollutants and Sludge Production
3.2. Influence of Aqueous Residues on Mesophilic Biological Activity
3.2.1. Effect on Decomposing and Nitrifying Biomass
3.2.2. Impact on Denitrifying Biomass
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
References
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2018 [n: 27] | 2019 [n: 52] | 2020 [n: 52] | 2018–2020 [n: 131] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Q [m3 d−1] | 64.2 ± 7.0 | 52.4 ± 3.3 | 71.1 ± 6.2 | 62 ± 3 |
HRT [d] | 28.5 ± 3.0 | 34.1 ± 2.0 | 26.6 ± 2.4 | 30 ± 1.5 |
COD [mg L−1] | 46,137 ± 3201 | 53,220 ± 4911 | 43,529 ± 3370 | 47,913 ± 2568 |
TAS [mg L−1] | 498 ± 125 | 326 ± 108 | 839 ± 90 | 565 ± 73 |
MBAS [mg L−1] | 198 ± 99 | 707 ± 228 | 649 ± 116 | 579 ± 109 |
N-NH4+ [mg L−1] | 420 ± 69 | 406 ± 89 | 210 ± 61 | 332 ± 48 |
N-NOx [mg L−1] | 337 ± 129 | 624 ± 165 | 575 ± 224 | 545 ± 115 |
TP [mg L−1] | 198 ± 130 | 316 ± 84 | 161 ± 53 | 231 ± 49 |
Chlorides [mg L−1] | 3416 ± 636 | 4338 ± 668 | 3225 ± 653 | 3718 ± 403 |
Conductivity [µS cm−1] | 18,757 ± 2432 | 22,180 ± 2049 | 25,322 ± 2877 | 22,692 ± 1537 |
Source 1 | Source 2 | Source 3 | Source 4 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problematic Aspects of the Untreated High-Strength WW | |||||||||
Cyanides and Chlorides | PFAS and Chlorides | COD | COD and High Content of TS | ||||||
Characteristics of aqueous residue after treatment in ThMBR | |||||||||
AR1 | AR2 | AR3 | AR4 | ||||||
AR1-a | AR1-b | AR1-c | AR2-a | AR2-b | AR2-c | AR3-a * | AR3-b ** | ||
COD [mg L−1] | 12,028 ± 2221 [n: 15] | 16,408 ± 1502 [n: 4] | 13,120 ± 6355 [n: 4] | 4841 ± 568 [n: 18] | 5992 ± 171 [n: 11] | 5778 ± 421 [n: 24] | 7151 ± 1148 [n: 3] | 8105 ± 1394 [n: 16] | 2350 ± 505 [n: 16] |
N-NH4+ [mg L−1] | 488.5 ± 96.0 [n: 14] | 196.1 ± 47.2 [n: 4] | 207.6 ± 45.6 [n: 4] | 773.6 ± 113.6 [n: 18] | 928.8 ± 83 [n: 11] | 1063.1 ± 82.3 [n: 24] | 862.0 ± 190.2 [n: 4] | 429.2 ± 125.2 [n: 16] | 636.5 ± 65.0 [n: 17] |
N-NOx [mg L−1] | 9.5 ± 2.2 [n: 14] | 10.1 ± 0.7 [n: 4] | 6.3 ± 2.3 [n: 4] | 8.2 ± 0.5 [n: 18] | 13.3. ± 10.2 [n: 11] | 7.3 ± 0.5 [n: 24] | 7.2 ± 1.9 [n: 4] | 9.5 ± 1.4 [n: 16] | 4.1 ± 0.9 [n: 15] |
TP [mg L−1] | 109.0 ± 34.1 [n: 15] | 35.5 ± 8.4 [n: 4] | 15.0 ± 1.9 [n: 4] | 86.2 ± 11.0 [n: 18] | 72.1 ± 11.7 [n: 11] | 82.0 ± 10.3 [n: 24] | 271.5 ± 38.8 [n: 4] | 98.1 ± 8.9 [n: 16] | 9.87 ± 2.71 [n: 15] |
Chlorides [mg L−1] | 3163 ± 458 [n: 12] | 2475 ± 2807 [n: 2] | 5827 ± 2093 [n: 3] | 2631.4 ± 695.0 [n: 11] | 4677 ± 1970 [n: 4] | 7320 ± 623.2 [n: 24] | n.a. | n.a. | 79.7 ± 22.4 [n: 14] |
Cyanides [mg L−1] | 341.3 ± 61.4 [n: 14] | 536.0 ± 55.7 [n: 4] | 398.8 ± 233.2 [n: 3] | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
PFAS [mg L−1] | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 46.1 ± 25.0 [n: 3] | 265.6 ± 105.8 [n: 3] | 3893 ± 1686 [n: 4] | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
pH [–] | 8.2 ± 0.1 [n: 14] | 8.1 ± 0.1 [n: 4] | 8.1 ± 0.1 [n: 4] | 8.1 ± 0.1 [n:18] | 8.2 ± 0.1 [n: 11] | 8.2 ± 0.1 [n: 10] | 8.2 ± 0.2 [n: 4] | 8.5 ± 0.2 [n: 3] | 7.2 ± 0.2 [n: 16] |
Conductivity [µS cm−1] | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 7736 ± 642 [n: 17] |
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Collivignarelli, M.C.; Carnevale Miino, M.; Caccamo, F.M.; Baldi, M.; Abbà, A. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water 2021, 13, 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131754
Collivignarelli MC, Carnevale Miino M, Caccamo FM, Baldi M, Abbà A. Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity. Water. 2021; 13(13):1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131754
Chicago/Turabian StyleCollivignarelli, Maria Cristina, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Marco Baldi, and Alessandro Abbà. 2021. "Performance of Full-Scale Thermophilic Membrane Bioreactor and Assessment of the Effect of the Aqueous Residue on Mesophilic Biological Activity" Water 13, no. 13: 1754. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131754