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10.3390/w13111610
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Article

Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

by
Ho-Won Lee
1,
Jae-Hoon Noh
1,
Dong-Han Choi
1,
Misun Yun
2,
P. S. Bhavya
3,
Jae-Joong Kang
4,
Jae-Hyung Lee
5,
Kwan-Woo Kim
4,
Hyo-Keun Jang
4 and
Sang-Heon Lee
4,*
1
Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
2
College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
3
Department of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, 18119 Rostock, Germany
4
Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
5
South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Yeosu-si 59780, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2021, 13(11), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111610
Submission received: 16 April 2021 / Revised: 4 June 2021 / Accepted: 4 June 2021 / Published: 7 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Nitrogen Fixation and Phytoplankton Ecology)
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Abstract

Picocyanobacteria (Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus) play an important role in primary production and biogeochemical cycles in the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, but little biological information on them is currently available in the North Pacific Ocean (NPO). The present study aimed to determine the picocyanobacterial contributions to the total primary production in the regions in the NPO using a combination of a dual stable isotope method and metabolic inhibitor. In terms of cell abundance, Prochlorococcus were mostly dominant (95.7 ± 1.4%) in the tropical Pacific region (hereafter, TP), whereas Synechococcus accounted for 50.8%–93.5% in the subtropical and temperate Pacific region (hereafter, SP). Regionally, the averages of primary production and picocyanobacterial contributions were 11.66 mg C m−2·h−1 and 45.2% (±4.8%) in the TP and 22.83 mg C m−2·h−1 and 70.2% in the SP, respectively. In comparison to the carbon, the average total nitrogen uptake rates and picocyanobacterial contributions were 10.11 mg N m−2·h−1 and 90.2% (±5.3%) in the TP and 4.12 mg N m−2·h−1 and 63.5%, respectively. These results indicate that picocyanobacteria is responsible for a large portion of the total primary production in the region, with higher contribution to nitrogen uptake rate than carbon. A long-term monitoring on the picocyanobacterial variability and contributions to primary production should be implemented under the global warming scenario with increasing ecological roles of picocyanobacteria.
Keywords: cyanobacteria; Prochlorococcus; Synechococcus; primary production; northwestern Pacific Ocean cyanobacteria; Prochlorococcus; Synechococcus; primary production; northwestern Pacific Ocean

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, H.-W.; Noh, J.-H.; Choi, D.-H.; Yun, M.; Bhavya, P.S.; Kang, J.-J.; Lee, J.-H.; Kim, K.-W.; Jang, H.-K.; Lee, S.-H. Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Water 2021, 13, 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111610

AMA Style

Lee H-W, Noh J-H, Choi D-H, Yun M, Bhavya PS, Kang J-J, Lee J-H, Kim K-W, Jang H-K, Lee S-H. Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Water. 2021; 13(11):1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111610

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Ho-Won, Jae-Hoon Noh, Dong-Han Choi, Misun Yun, P. S. Bhavya, Jae-Joong Kang, Jae-Hyung Lee, Kwan-Woo Kim, Hyo-Keun Jang, and Sang-Heon Lee. 2021. "Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean" Water 13, no. 11: 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111610

APA Style

Lee, H.-W., Noh, J.-H., Choi, D.-H., Yun, M., Bhavya, P. S., Kang, J.-J., Lee, J.-H., Kim, K.-W., Jang, H.-K., & Lee, S.-H. (2021). Picocyanobacterial Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. Water, 13(11), 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111610

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