The Impact of Reforestation Induced Land Cover Change (1990–2017) on Flood Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Satellite Observations: A Study in Two Mountain Basins, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Research Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sources of Data
2.3. Satellite Image Processing and Land Use Land Cover Classification
2.4. Land Use Land Cover Change and Vegetation Analysis
2.5. Hydrological Modeling Using HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS
2.5.1. The Basin Model
2.5.2. Meteorological Model
2.5.3. The HEC-HMS Model Control Specifications
2.5.4. Curve Number Loss Method
2.5.5. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Unit Hydrograph Method
2.5.6. Routing Method
2.5.7. Simulated Land Use Land Cover Change Scenarios
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Land Use Land Cover Classification and Change Detection Analysis
3.2. Vegetation Analysis
3.3. Impact of Reforestation Driven LULC Changes on Flood Peak Discharge
3.4. Spatial Variability of Flood Peak Discharge at the Sub-Basin Scale
3.5. Limitations
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LULC Type | Curve Numbers for Hydrologic Soil Group | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | |
Agriculture | 67 | 78 | 85 | 89 |
Urban | 77 | 85 | 90 | 92 |
Grassland | 39 | 61 | 74 | 80 |
Forest | 32 | 58 | 72 | 79 |
Water | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
LULC Type | Land Use Land Cover Area (%) | Changes in Land Use Land Cover (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2002 | 2010 | 2016 | 1990–2002 | 2000–2010 | 2008–2016 | 1990–2016 | |
Agriculture | 58.39 | 51.88 | 37.61 | 27.68 | −6.51 | −14.27 | −9.93 | −30.71 |
Urban | 0.20 | 0.94 | 1.25 | 1.80 | 0.74 | 0.31 | 0.54 | 1.6 |
Forest | 9.37 | 12.10 | 18.50 | 26.48 | 2.73 | 6.40 | 7.98 | 17.11 |
Grassland | 31.90 | 34.95 | 42.52 | 43.91 | 3.05 | 7.57 | 1.39 | 12.01 |
Water | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 | −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.01 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
LULC Type | Land Use Land Cover Area (%) | Changes in Land Use Land Cover (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2000 | 2008 | 2017 | 1990–2000 | 2000–2008 | 2008–2017 | 1990–2017 | |
Agriculture | 56.55 | 37.57 | 39.18 | 32.81 | −18.98 | 1.61 | −6.37 | −23.74 |
Urban | 1.06 | 3.55 | 7.88 | 9.16 | 2.49 | 4.33 | 1.28 | 8.1 |
Forest | 41.98 | 58.47 | 52.92 | 57.67 | 16.49 | −5.55 | 4.75 | 15.69 |
Water | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.02 | 0.36 | −0.01 | −0.38 | 0.34 | −0.05 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Yanhe Catchment | Guangyuan Catchment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LULC Changes Scenario | Flood Peak Discharge (m3/s) per Scenario | Relative Change (%) | LULC Changes Scenario | Flood Peak Discharge (m3/s) per Scenario | Relative Change (%) |
Scenario S1 (1990LULC) | 4865.8 | ˗ | Scenario S1 (1990LULC) | 1512.7 | ˗ |
Scenario S2 (2002LULC) | 4195.3 | −13.7 | Scenario S2 (2000LULC) | 1399.7 | −7.4 |
Scenario S3 (2008LULC) | 4144.9 | −14 | Scenario S3 (2010LULC) | 1458.5 | −3.5 |
Scenario S4 (2016LULC) | 4167.4 | −14.3 | Scenario S4 (2017LULC) | 1418.3 | −6.2 |
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Kabeja, C.; Li, R.; Guo, J.; Rwatangabo, D.E.R.; Manyifika, M.; Gao, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. The Impact of Reforestation Induced Land Cover Change (1990–2017) on Flood Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Satellite Observations: A Study in Two Mountain Basins, China. Water 2020, 12, 1347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051347
Kabeja C, Li R, Guo J, Rwatangabo DER, Manyifika M, Gao Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y. The Impact of Reforestation Induced Land Cover Change (1990–2017) on Flood Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Satellite Observations: A Study in Two Mountain Basins, China. Water. 2020; 12(5):1347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051347
Chicago/Turabian StyleKabeja, Crispin, Rui Li, Jianping Guo, Digne Edmond Rwabuhungu Rwatangabo, Marc Manyifika, Zongting Gao, Yipu Wang, and Yuxiang Zhang. 2020. "The Impact of Reforestation Induced Land Cover Change (1990–2017) on Flood Peak Discharge Using HEC-HMS Hydrological Model and Satellite Observations: A Study in Two Mountain Basins, China" Water 12, no. 5: 1347. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051347