Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Soil Analysis by Pipette Method
2.3. Soil Analysis by Laser Diffraction Method
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Distribution of the Soil Texture Classes in the Study Area
3.2. Developing the Relationships between the Results of PM and LD
- Y—dependent variable.
- b2—coefficient 2.
- X2—independent variable 2.
- b1—coefficient 1.
- X1—independent variable 1.
- b0—constant.
3.3. Verification of the Relationship between PM and LD
3.4. Aproximation of LD Results to PM
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of Results by PM and LD Analysis
4.2. Comparison of Results by Two LD Devices
4.3. Comparison of PM and LD Method
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Particles with Diameter ˂0.01 mm (% Mass) | Soil Texture Class | General Soil Texture Class |
---|---|---|
<10 | Sandy soil | Light soils |
10–20 | Loam-sandy soil | |
20–30 | Sand-loamy soil | Medium heavy soils |
30–45 | Loamy soil | |
45–60 | Clay-loamy soil | Heavy soils |
60–75 | Clay soil | |
>75 | Clay |
Trend | Determination Coefficient R2 (%) | Statistical Significance F | Constant (p-Value for Intercept) | Regression Coefficient (p-Value for X Variables) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysette22 (LD_22) | Linear | 72.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Exponential | 70.34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Polynomial | 76.64 | 0 | 0 | b1 = 0.0342; b2 = 0 | |
Mastersizer2000 (LD_2000) | Linear | 81.34 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Exponential | 75.87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Polynomial | 84.67 | 0 | 0 | b1 = 0.0218; b2 = 0 |
Fractions | <0.001 mm | <0.01 mm | <0.05 mm | <0.25 mm | <2 mm | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Analysette22 (LD_22) | PMestLM 1–PMme 2 | −0.75 ± 0.59 | 14.99 ± 0.86 | 11.23 ± 0.93 | −3.80 ± 0.84 | −15.11 ± 0.02 |
PMestEM 3–PMme | −1.05 ± 0.58 | 2.31 ± 0.82 | 8.56 ± 1.02 | −3.08 ± 0.88 | −14.00 ± 0.04 | |
PMestPM 4–PMme | 5.18 ± 0.58 | 3.28 ± 0.82 | 10.87 ± 1.02 | −0.98 ± 0.88 | −11.91 ± 0.04 | |
Mastersizer2000 (LD_2000) | PMestLM–PMme | −4.28 ± 0.58 | 11.43 ± 0.84 | 8.29 ± 0.80 | −1.06 ± 0.72 | −10.89 ± 0.00 |
PMestEM–PMme | −1.92 ± 0.58 | −0.79 ± 0.80 | 2.25 ± 0.90 | 0.95 ± 0.85 | −6.16 ± 0.00 | |
PMestPM–PMme | 1.94 ± 0.58 | 2.24 ± 0.80 | 5.10 ± 0.88 | 1.36 ± 0.81 | −6.61 ± 0.00 |
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Igaz, D.; Aydin, E.; Šinkovičová, M.; Šimanský, V.; Tall, A.; Horák, J. Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe. Water 2020, 12, 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051232
Igaz D, Aydin E, Šinkovičová M, Šimanský V, Tall A, Horák J. Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe. Water. 2020; 12(5):1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051232
Chicago/Turabian StyleIgaz, Dušan, Elena Aydin, Miroslava Šinkovičová, Vladimír Šimanský, Andrej Tall, and Ján Horák. 2020. "Laser Diffraction as An Innovative Alternative to Standard Pipette Method for Determination of Soil Texture Classes in Central Europe" Water 12, no. 5: 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051232