Investigating the Performance of Enhanced Permeable Groins in Series
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Experimental Setup
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Scour and Sedimentation Process
3.2. Scour Hole Characteristics around the Structures
3.2.1. Maximum Scour Depth
3.2.2. Maximum Scour Width
3.2.3. Maximum Scour Length
3.3. Sediment Deposition Zone Characteristics around the Structures
3.3.1. Maximum Ridge Height
3.3.2. Maximum Ridge Length
3.4. Thalweg Characteristics
3.5. Design and Installation Guidelines for Applying EPGs in Series
4. Conclusions
- (a)
- Maximum scour depth occurred around the first EPG and the location of the maximum scour depth in all experiments was near the tip of the triangular part of the structure. Data analysis showed that in particle Froude numbers 2.18 and 2.37, changes in distances between the structures have no significant effect on the maximum scour depth around the first groin, while in maximum particle Froude number 2.55, the maximum scour depth increases by 15% with increasing distance from 4 to 6Le. Similar behavior was also observed for the maximum scour width and length.
- (b)
- The results revealed that when the particle Froude number is the maximum (A50 = 2.55), the maximum scour width in the third and fifth EPGs are the lowest. Additionally, it is found that in the first EPG and last two EPGs, the width of the scour holes increased with raising hydraulic conditions, which indicates their independent function.
- (c)
- From the second to the fifth EPG, the minimum scour lengths occurred in the case with the maximum particle Froude number, which was mainly due to the effect of the structures on each other. In contrast to the maximum scour depth and maximum scour width, the maximum scour length diminished with increasing distance between structures.
- (d)
- Deposited sediments were found to be closer to the outer bank for all hydraulic conditions investigated for a distance equal to 4Le, compared to other spaces. For all particle Froude numbers, as the distance between the structures expanded, so did the distance between the ridge and the outer bank, and the path between the deposition zone and the outer bank became spacious.
- (e)
- Enhanced permeable groins in series increased scouring in the middle of the channel by diverting the high-velocity zone to the channel center. As the particle Froude number increased or the distance between the structures decreased, the scour depth in the middle of the channel increased. Additionally, the results showed that the thalweg location tends to move toward the inner bank by reducing the distance between the groins.
- (f)
- According to the results of this research, the distance between the EPGs should not be greater than four times the effective length of the structure. The general design guideline proposed in this study can be applied to the proper design of EPGs in series.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Name | θ (degrees) | Le (m) | Number of EPGs | Distance | Water Depth hw (m) | A50 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T41 | 50 | 0.14 | 8 | 4Le | 0.12 | 2.18 |
T42 | 50 | 0.14 | 8 | 4Le | 0.12 | 2.37 |
T43 | 50 | 0.14 | 8 | 4Le | 0.12 | 2.55 |
T51 | 50 | 0.14 | 7 | 5Le | 0.12 | 2.18 |
T52 | 50 | 0.14 | 7 | 5Le | 0.12 | 2.37 |
T53 | 50 | 0.14 | 7 | 5Le | 0.12 | 2.55 |
T61 | 50 | 0.14 | 6 | 6Le | 0.12 | 2.18 |
T62 | 50 | 0.14 | 6 | 6Le | 0.12 | 2.37 |
T63 | 50 | 0.14 | 6 | 6Le | 0.12 | 2.55 |
T71 | 50 | 0.14 | 5 | 7Le | 0.12 | 2.18 |
T72 | 50 | 0.14 | 5 | 7Le | 0.12 | 2.37 |
T73 | 50 | 0.14 | 5 | 7Le | 0.12 | 2.55 |
Variables | Distance | A50 | Sm/H | ws/H | Ls/H | dm/H | Ld/H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 2.18 | 0.59 | 3.24 | 4.30 | 0.41 | 5.51 | |
Estimated | - | 2.37 | 0.72 | 4.17 | 5.96 | 0.49 | 7.53 |
- | 2.55 | 0.86 | 4.96 | 7.86 | 0.56 | 9.80 | |
4Le | 2.18 | 0.39 | 1.66 | 2.66 | 0.28 | 4.66 | |
Experimental | 4Le | 2.37 | 0.51 | 2.33 | 3.33 | 0.41 | 7.58 |
4Le | 2.55 | 0.63 | 2.33 | 3.33 | 0.36 | 4.41 | |
4Le | 2.18 | 34 | 48 | 38 | 32 | 15 | |
Error % | 4Le | 2.37 | 29 | 44 | 44 | 16 | 0 |
4Le | 2.55 | 27 | 53 | 57 | 36 | 55 | |
5Le | 2.18 | 0.46 | 1.83 | 3.33 | 0.37 | 3.33 | |
Experimental | 5Le | 2.37 | 0.49 | 2.08 | 3.75 | 0.42 | 3.75 |
5Le | 2.55 | 0.66 | 2.58 | 4.5 | 0.42 | 5.83 | |
5Le | 2.18 | 21 | 43 | 22 | 10 | 39 | |
Error % | 5Le | 2.37 | 32 | 50 | 37 | 14 | 50 |
5Le | 2.55 | 23 | 48 | 43 | 25 | 40 | |
6Le | 2.18 | 0.38 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 0.31 | 3.30 | |
Experimental | 6Le | 2.37 | 0.46 | 1.75 | 3.33 | 0.36 | 5 |
6Le | 2.55 | 0.62 | 2.25 | 3.75 | 0.40 | 5 | |
6Le | 2.18 | 35 | 54 | 42 | 24 | 40 | |
Error % | 6Le | 2.37 | 35 | 58 | 44 | 26 | 33 |
6Le | 2.55 | 28 | 55 | 52 | 28 | 49 | |
7Le | 2.18 | 0.43 | 1.92 | 2.08 | 0.23 | 3.30 | |
Experimental | 7Le | 2.37 | 0.54 | 2.16 | 3.33 | 0.36 | 4.16 |
7Le | 2.55 | 0.74 | 2.41 | 3.33 | 0.37 | 4.50 | |
7Le | 2.18 | 27 | 41 | 51 | 44 | 40 | |
Error % | 7Le | 2.37 | 25 | 48 | 44 | 26 | 45 |
7Le | 2.55 | 14 | 51 | 57 | 34 | 54 | |
Mean Error % | 27.45 | 49.51 | 44.43 | 26.32 | 38.46 |
Test Name | Sm (m) | Sm/H | x (m) | x/B | Zm (m) | Zm/H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T41 | 0.047 | 0.39 | 0.499 | 0.833 | 0.018 | 0.15 |
T42 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.519 | 0.866 | 0.021 | 0.175 |
T43 | 0.075 | 0.63 | 0.499 | 0.833 | 0.03 | 0.25 |
T51 | 0.055 | 0.46 | 0.489 | 0.816 | 0.012 | 0.10 |
T52 | 0.059 | 0.49 | 0.489 | 0.816 | 0.014 | 0.116 |
T53 | 0.078 | 0.65 | 0.499 | 0.833 | 0.019 | 0.158 |
T61 | 0.046 | 0.38 | 0.489 | 0.816 | 0.007 | 0.06 |
T62 | 0.064 | 0.53 | 0.489 | 0.816 | 0.016 | 0.133 |
T63 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.499 | 0.833 | 0.018 | 0.15 |
T71 | 0.052 | 0.43 | 0.486 | 0.811 | 0.011 | 0.09 |
T72 | 0.065 | 0.54 | 0.499 | 0.833 | 0.017 | 0.141 |
T73 | 0.084 | 0.7 | 0.487 | 0.812 | 0.028 | 0.233 |
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Shokrian Hajibehzad, M.; Shafai Bejestan, M.; Ferro, V. Investigating the Performance of Enhanced Permeable Groins in Series. Water 2020, 12, 3531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123531
Shokrian Hajibehzad M, Shafai Bejestan M, Ferro V. Investigating the Performance of Enhanced Permeable Groins in Series. Water. 2020; 12(12):3531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123531
Chicago/Turabian StyleShokrian Hajibehzad, Manoochehr, Mahmood Shafai Bejestan, and Vito Ferro. 2020. "Investigating the Performance of Enhanced Permeable Groins in Series" Water 12, no. 12: 3531. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123531