Time Series Changes in Fish Assemblages and Habitat Structures Caused by Partial Check Dam Removal
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Streams and Partial Dam Removal
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Fish Survey at a Channel Unit Scale
2.4. Survey of Channel Unit Structures
2.5. Survey of Biophysical Responses at a Reach Scale
2.6. Survey of Masu Salmon Redd Distribution
2.7. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Habitat Preference of Fish at a Channel Unit Scale
3.2. Spatiotemporal Changes in Channel Unit Structures
3.3. Temporal Changes in Physical Environments and Fish Assemblages at a Reach Scale
3.4. Spatiotemporal Changes in Distribution of Masu Salmon Redds
4. Discussion
4.1. Channel Unit as a Fish Habitat
4.2. Effects of Dam Removal on Channel-Unit (Fish Habitat) Structures
4.3. Biophysical Responses to Dam Removal
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
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Reach | Year | Channel width (m) | Depth (cm) | Current Velocity (cm/s) | Bedrock (%) | Sand (%) | Gravel (%) | Pebble (%) | Cobble (%) | Boulder (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Downstream | 2005 | 8.1 ± 0.9 | 19.2 ± 3.0 | 47.7 ± 7.3 | 37.0 ± 20.7 | 1.0 ± 1.7 | 3.7 ± 2.3 | 33.0 ± 21.6 | 21.7 ± 17.9 | 3.7 ± 4.5 |
2008 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 22.1 ± 1.9 | 50.6 ± 9.5 | 45.8 ± 24.8 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 16.2 ± 9.5 | 31.0 ± 17.7 | 5.7 ± 5.0 | |
2010 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 21.1 ± 0.9 | 52.7 ± 6.1 | 17.3 ± 18.0 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 20.0 ± 13.4 | 59.5 ± 11.6 | 2.5 ± 3.5 | |
2014 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 26.4 ± 6.2 | 58.4 ± 6.6 | 18.7 ± 29.5 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 11.2 | 20.7 ± 18.7 | 44.7 ± 24.7 | 7.0 ± 4.3 | |
Upstream | 2005 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 19.6 ± 1.5 | 38.7 ± 5.4 | 6.7 ± 7.4 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 5.3 ± 4.1 | 40.0 ± 21.1 | 41.7 ± 19.4 | 5.3 ± 7.8 |
2008 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 23.1 ± 2.2 | 46.9 ± 9.7 | 7.2 ± 5.7 | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.4 | 15.0 ± 5.6 | 58.8 ± 8.2 | 15.8 ± 6.7 | |
2010 | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 22.5 ± 5.0 | 38.6 ± 3.1 | 4.5 ± 4.5 | 0.8 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 9.3 ± 5.4 | 65.8 ± 11.9 | 17.3 ± 8.3 | |
2014 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 52.4 ± 4.5 | 9.5 ± 8.3 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 2.6 | 56.8 ± 12.5 | 21.5 ± 9.8 |
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Nagayama, S.; Ishiyama, N.; Seno, T.; Kawai, H.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Nakano, D.; Nakamura, F. Time Series Changes in Fish Assemblages and Habitat Structures Caused by Partial Check Dam Removal. Water 2020, 12, 3357. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123357
Nagayama S, Ishiyama N, Seno T, Kawai H, Kawaguchi Y, Nakano D, Nakamura F. Time Series Changes in Fish Assemblages and Habitat Structures Caused by Partial Check Dam Removal. Water. 2020; 12(12):3357. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123357
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagayama, Shigeya, Nobuo Ishiyama, Taro Seno, Hideyuki Kawai, Yoichi Kawaguchi, Daisuke Nakano, and Futoshi Nakamura. 2020. "Time Series Changes in Fish Assemblages and Habitat Structures Caused by Partial Check Dam Removal" Water 12, no. 12: 3357. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123357