Social development | Quality of life. Low tech in and around your house | Quality of life. Low tech in and around your house | Technological individualism. Smart and online | Technological individualism. Smart and online circularity |
Sustainability discourse | 65% interested in sustainability, of which 30% accepts a price increase [68]. Use of rainwater is accepted but behavioural change not | Same as mild, but behavioural change only minor accepted | People hold a long-term view, so are willing to invest more. Behavioural changes are on an average level accepted | Same as mild but behavioural changes are widely accepted |
Behaviour | People want comfort | People want even more comfort | People are willing to give a way some comfort for a new minimalistic lifestyle | People are willing to give a way comfort for a new minimalistic lifestyle |
Social movements | Campaigns that highlight the need for using rainwater and climate adaptation | Campaigns that highlight the need for using rainwater and climate adaptation | Campaigns and movements that focus on circularity and lowering our footprint | Campaigns and movements that focus on circularity and lowering our footprint |
Gardens | More green gardens for climate adaptive measures | Even more green gardens for climate adaptive measures | The trend of paving gardens keeps on growing. | The trend of paving gardens keeps on growing even more. |
Environmental development | Scenario KNMI WL [59]: 898 mm/year precipitation. | Scenario KNMI WH [59]: 894 mm/year 250 mm in winter and 190 mm in summer precipitation. | Scenario KNMI WH [59]: 894 mm/year 250 mm in winter and 190 mm in summer precipitation. | Scenario KNMI WL [59]: 898 mm/year precipitation. |
Weather | More extreme precipitation events but relatively well distributed over time. | More extreme precipitation events and longer periods of droughts. | More extreme precipitation events and longer periods of droughts. | More extreme precipitation events but relatively well distributed over time. |
Policy development | Medium, aimed at private sector | High, aimed at private sector | Medium, aimed at market forces | High, aimed at market forces |
Environmental policies | Medium, aimed at climate adaptation | High, aimed at climate adaptation | Medium, aimed at climate change prevention. Less energy consumption | High, aimed at climate change prevention. Less energy consumption |
Legislation | New and renovated houses need to capture rainwater and us it for household purposes from 2030 | New and renovated houses need to capture rainwater and us it for household purposes from 2020. And infiltration in gardens | Rules and standards for products such as washing machines to lower their water and energy demand. New and renovated houses need to capture rainwater and us in for garden purposes | Rules and standards for products such as washing machines to lower their water and energy demand. New and renovated houses need to capture rainwater and us in for garden purposes |
Subsidies | Regional water authorities give subsidies for rainwater decoupling | Same as mild, but also, more subsidies for existing houses to make them more climate adaptive. | Subsidies and tax deductions for new lease constructions for new energy and water saving household devices | Subsidies and tax deductions for new lease constructions for new energy and water saving household devices |
Taxes | Low Value Added Taxes (VAT)-tariff on rainwater systems and possibility of tax deduction | Low VAT -tariff on rainwater systems and possibility of tax deduction | Wastewater tax per m3 water instead of household size | Wastewater tax per m3 water instead of household size |
Risk acceptance | Risk acceptance for quality of water is medium but high for climate-related incidents (storms and flooding’s) | Risk acceptance for quality of water is medium but high for climate-related incidents (storms and flooding’s) | Acceptance of reuse of own water because people know what’s inside. But low acceptance of rainwater use because it contains substances that are not controllable (fertilizers, herbicides and fine dust. | Acceptance of reuse of own water because people know what’s inside. But low acceptance of rainwater use because it contains substances that are not controllable (fertilizers, herbicides and fine dust. |
Technological development | Rainwater technologies mature. Improvements in water saving technologies stagnates | Same as mild. But also, improvements in renovation technologies in terms of possibilities and standardisation | Improvements in water saving technologies due to world water crisis | Improvements in water saving technologies due to world water crisis |
Type of technological development | Low tech and biomimicry | Low tech and biomimicry | Efficiency and circularity | Efficiency and circularity |
Price of technologies | Due to economies of scale the rainwater systems become cheaper in investment and installing costs | Same as mild. But also, the reinforcing feedback loop of the water price has a positive effect on the rainwater systems | Cost decrease of water and energy saving technologies and devices | Higher cost decrease of water and energy saving technologies and devices due to economies of scale |
Economic development | Stabilisation (0% a year) and a levelling effect | Increase in economic growth (2% a year) but not levelled, more growth for the wealth [52]. Detached houses in rural areas have more economic possibilities | Stabilisation (0% a year) and a levelling effect | Increase in economic growth (2% a year) but not levelled, more growth for the wealthy [52]. Detached houses in rural areas have more economic possibilities |
Price potable water | Same level | Over time, the water price increases due to rising costs of new infrastructure and a negative feedback loop | Same level, but energy prices increase | Over time the water price increases due to lower return for water companies although they have the same organisation and infrastructure. And energy prices increase |
Investments | Investments in climate adaptive measures and comfort technologies | Investments in climate adaptive measures and comfort technologies | Investments in water saving technologies | Investments in water saving technologies |
Demographic development (STEP 7) | Limburg High has the largest impact | Limburg High has the largest impact | Limburg Low has the largest impact | Limburg Low has the largest impact |