Effect of Species Invasion on Transport of Solutes at Different Levels of Soft Sediment Macrofauna Diversity: Results from an Experimental Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sediment and Macrofauna Sampling
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Processing of Samples and Calculation of Solute Fluxes
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Macrofauna and Sediment Characteristics
3.2. Effects of Marenzelleria neglecta on Bromide Fluxes in Defaunated Sediment (Experiment 1)
3.3. Effects of Polychaetes on Nutrient and Bromide Fluxes in Natural Sediment (Experiment 2)
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Polychaetes on Nutrient and Bromide Fluxes
4.2. Implications for Experiments on New Species Impacts
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T A X A | D E N S I T Y | B I O M A S S | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Average | Min | Max | Average | |
Ind m−2 | Ind m−2 | Ind m−2 | g AFDW m−2 | |
Mollusca | ||||
Mya arenaria | 425 | 127 | 637 | 55.3 |
Cerastoderma glaucum | 127 | 0 | 255 | 0.2 |
Peringia ulvae | 297 | 0 | 510 | 0.16 |
Ecrobia ventrosa | 12,357 | 11,592 | 12,866 | 4.7 |
Potamopyrgus antipodarum | 8705 | 2930 | 20,127 | 2.89 |
Oligochaeta | ||||
Baltidrilus costatus | 3,482 | 2293 | 5350 | 0.18 |
Polychaeta | ||||
Hediste diversicolor | 10,870 | 8408 | 12,357 | 36.2 |
Polydora cornuta | 255 | 0 | 510 | 0.08 |
Streblospio shrubsolii | 849 | 0 | 1401 | 0.07 |
Crustacea | ||||
Corophium volutator | 764 | 0 | 1656 | 0.22 |
Cyathura carinata | 552 | 255 | 764 | 0.26 |
Lekanesphaera hookeri and rugicauda | 254 | 127 | 382 | 0.09 |
Rest | 100 | 0 | 127 | 0.05 |
TOTAL: | 39,122 | 33,503 | 49,172 | 100.4 |
Incubation Type | Diffusive | Total | Ratio |
---|---|---|---|
Experiment 1: | |||
Defaunated sediment | 0.58 | 0.66 | 1.14 |
Defaunated sediment (+ 1 M. neglecta) | 0.54 ± 0.01 | 0.87 ± 0.09 | 1.60 ± 0.14 |
Experiment 2: | |||
Natural community (+ 3 M. neglecta) | 0.76 ± 0.26 | 2.33 ± 0.79 | 3.00 ± 0.46 |
Natural community (+ 3 H. diversicolor) | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 2.42 ± 0.39 | 3.75 ± 1.03 |
Natural community | 0.74 ± 0.12 | 2.41 ± 0.50 | 3.26 ± 0.44 |
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Daunys, D.; Forster, S.; Schiedek, D.; Olenin, S.; Zettler, M.L. Effect of Species Invasion on Transport of Solutes at Different Levels of Soft Sediment Macrofauna Diversity: Results from an Experimental Approach. Water 2019, 11, 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081544
Daunys D, Forster S, Schiedek D, Olenin S, Zettler ML. Effect of Species Invasion on Transport of Solutes at Different Levels of Soft Sediment Macrofauna Diversity: Results from an Experimental Approach. Water. 2019; 11(8):1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081544
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaunys, Darius, Stefan Forster, Doris Schiedek, Sergej Olenin, and Michael L. Zettler. 2019. "Effect of Species Invasion on Transport of Solutes at Different Levels of Soft Sediment Macrofauna Diversity: Results from an Experimental Approach" Water 11, no. 8: 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081544