Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Source
2.3. Model Structure
2.4. Management and Assessment Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Impact of Background Pollutants
3.2. Pollutant Yield Coefficient
3.3. Pollutant Load and Management
3.4. Assessment Method Considering Background Value
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Type | Standard | Permissible Maximum Value (mg/L) | Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COD | NH3-N | ||||
a | River source water reserve | Ⅱ | 15 | 0.5 | a: Delimited waters of great significance for the protection of water resources, natural ecosystems and rare and endangered species; b,e: Water demarcated to meet industrial water use and agricultural irrigation needs; c,f,h,i: Water delimited for the purpose of accepting production and discharge from sewage outlets of domestic wastewater; the wastewater accepted does not have a significant adverse impact on the water environment; d,g: Water area delimited to meet the transition water quality standards in lines connecting adjacent water functional zones with great differences in water quality. |
b | Agricultural and industrial water use zoning | Ⅳ | 30 | 1.5 | |
c | Discharge control zoning | / | |||
d | Transition zoning | Ⅳ | 30 | 1.5 | |
e | Industrial water use zoning | Ⅳ | 30 | 1.5 | |
f | Discharge control zoning | / | |||
g | Transition zoning | Ⅴ | 40 | 2 | |
h | Discharge control zoning | / | |||
i | Discharge control zoning | / |
Data Types | Purpose | Sources |
---|---|---|
Land-use types | Model structure | Landsat 8 OLI interpretation of satellite remote sensing images |
Precipitation | Analysis of rainfall impact | National Meteorological Information Centre (http://data.cma.cn/) |
Topographic data | Terrain division and watershed division | National Geographic Centre; Geospatial data cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn/sources/) |
Water quality and quantity data | Estimation of pollutant output and evaluation of water quality | Yichun Water Environment Monitoring Centre (H1–H3); Heilongjiang Hydrological Bureau (S1–S9); Project Research Group (1–18) |
Socio-economic data | Statistics of sewage discharge data | Statistical yearbook |
Year | Area | Forest and Grassland (t/km2a) | Farmland (t/km2a) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
COD | NH3-N | COD | NH3-N | ||
2011 | Upstream reaches | 31.7 | 0.52 | / | / |
2012 | 22.6 | 0.51 | / | / | |
2013 | 29.9 | 0.37 | / | / | |
2011 | Middle reaches | 28.1 | 0.47 | 15.5 | 1.93 |
2012 | 28.1 | 0.47 | 14.4 | 3.07 | |
2013 | 28.1 | 0.47 | 23.7 | 1.02 | |
2011 | Lower reaches | 28.1 | 0.47 | 7.2 | 0.54 |
2012 | 28.1 | 0.47 | 21.3 | 2.96 | |
2013 | 28.1 | 0.47 | 12.5 | 1.08 | |
Average | 28.1 | 0.47 | 15.8 | 1.77 |
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Duan, M.; Du, X.; Peng, W.; Zhang, S.; Yan, L. Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins. Water 2019, 11, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051103
Duan M, Du X, Peng W, Zhang S, Yan L. Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins. Water. 2019; 11(5):1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051103
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuan, Maoqing, Xia Du, Wenqi Peng, Shijie Zhang, and Liuqing Yan. 2019. "Necessity of Acknowledging Background Pollutants in Management and Assessment of Unique Basins" Water 11, no. 5: 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051103