Geomechanical and Acoustic Properties of Intact Granite Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles during Water-Ice Phase Transformation in Beizhan’s Open Pit Mine Slope, Xinjiang, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental Program
2.1. Rock Material and Sample Preparation
2.2. Freeze–Thaw Treatment
2.3. Rock Meso-Structure Identification
2.4. Uniaxial Compression Test
2.5. AE Monitoring
2.6. Real-Time Ultrasonic Detection
3. Experimental Results and Analyses
3.1. Rock Damage Subject to F–T Cycles
3.2. Strength and Stress–Strain Responses
3.3. Real-Time Ultrasonic Properties of Rock
3.4. AE Count Characteristics
3.5. AE Energy Characteristics
3.6. AE Spectrum Frequency Characteristics
3.7. Macroscopic Failure Morphology Analysis
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample ID | L × d (mm × mm) | Mass (g) | Density (g/cm3) | Peak Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | P-Wave Velocity (m/s) | S-Wave Velocity (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G0-1 | 100.07 × 49.06 | 541.4 | 2.863 | 172.38 | 58.65 | 4302 | 3577 |
G0-2 | 100.01 × 49.62 | 540.5 | 2.796 | 182.45 | 60.08 | 4412 | 3456 |
G20-1 | 99.58 × 49.30 | 543.1 | 2.859 | 168.73 | 56.31 | 4131 | 3391 |
G20-2 | 100.01 × 50.21 | 540.2 | 2.729 | 167.24 | 55.46 | 4265 | 3325 |
G40-1 | 99.85 × 50.05 | 542.6 | 2.763 | 163.98 | 52.78 | 4012 | 3101 |
G40-2 | 100.12 × 49.63 | 544.9 | 2.815 | 158.35 | 53.44 | 4000 | 3210 |
G60-1 | 100.22 × 49.85 | 547.5 | 2.800 | 158.78 | 50.89 | 3906 | 2984 |
G60-2 | 100.06 × 49.19 | 544.6 | 2.865 | 155.66 | 49.65 | 3894 | 3015 |
G80-1 | 99.90 × 49.88 | 548.9 | 2.813 | 152.39 | 47.36 | 3826 | 2883 |
G80-2 | 100.11 × 49.76 | 543.5 | 2.793 | 149.23 | 45.23 | 3856 | 2913 |
G100-1 | 100.12 × 49.29 | 547.2 | 2.866 | 146.65 | 42.94 | 3690 | 2664 |
G100-2 | 100.08 × 49.34 | 546.6 | 2.858 | 142.33 | 43.89 | 3546 | 2703 |
F–T Cycle (N) | Low Frequency (kHz) | Median Frequency (kHz) | High Frequency (kHz) |
---|---|---|---|
0 | [0, 75] | [105, 175] | [195, 235] |
20 | [0, 55] | [125, 178] | [210, 275] |
40 | [0, 45] | [110, 160] | [205, 280] |
60 | [0, 30] | [90, 200] | [235, 275] |
80 | [0, 25] | [65, 130] | [175, 275] |
100 | [0, 20] | [65, 145] | [170, 290] |
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Wang, Y.; Feng, W.; Wang, H.; Han, J.; Li, C. Geomechanical and Acoustic Properties of Intact Granite Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles during Water-Ice Phase Transformation in Beizhan’s Open Pit Mine Slope, Xinjiang, China. Water 2019, 11, 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112309
Wang Y, Feng W, Wang H, Han J, Li C. Geomechanical and Acoustic Properties of Intact Granite Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles during Water-Ice Phase Transformation in Beizhan’s Open Pit Mine Slope, Xinjiang, China. Water. 2019; 11(11):2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112309
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yu, Wenkai Feng, Huajian Wang, Jianqiang Han, and Changhong Li. 2019. "Geomechanical and Acoustic Properties of Intact Granite Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles during Water-Ice Phase Transformation in Beizhan’s Open Pit Mine Slope, Xinjiang, China" Water 11, no. 11: 2309. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112309