The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the RBF Waterworks Dresden-Tolkewitz
2.2. Regular Monitoring in Dresden-Tolkewitz
2.3. Set-Up of the Column Experiments
2.4. Water Analysis
2.5. Sequential Extraction of the Riverbed Sediment
2.6. Estimation of Reduction Constants for the Elbe Riverbed with PHREEQC
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Fluctuation of Redox-Sensitive Parameters Close to the Riverbank
3.2. Mn Release During Low Discharge Periods of the Elbe River
3.3. Mn Release Depending on the Temperature and Infiltration Rate During the Column Experiments
3.4. Reduction Constants of O2, NO3− and Mn(IV) as Electron Acceptors
3.5. The Decrease of Easily Reducible Mn Along the Flow Path
4. Discussion
4.1. The Significance of the Calibrated Degradation Rate Constants
4.2. Impact of the Discharge on the Observed Redox Patterns
4.3. Manganese Release Controlled by Temperature
4.4. Depletion of the Mn Reservoir Within the Riverbank
4.5. Implications for (River-)Bank Filtration Sites
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
- Figure S1: The flow scheme of the column experiments inside the thermostatic cabinets;
- Figure S2: The Mn concentration at OW 2 during a low discharge period in 2015;
- Figure S3: The Mn concentration at OW 3 during a low discharge period in 2015;
- Figure S4: The increase of the Mn concentration within the first 5 PV at 30 °C and 1 mL/min after lowering from 2 mL/min, Median, 10- and 90-%ile (each n = 3);
- Figure S5: The calibrated reduction rate constants for the column experiment;
- Figure S6: The Mn concentration at OW 1 during a low discharge period in 2007;
- Figure S7: The Mn concentration at OW 2 during a low discharge period in 2007;
- Figure S8: The Mn concentration at OW 3 during a low discharge period in 2007;
- Table S2: The input data of the column in PHREEQC;
- Table S3: The statistical data of the Elbe river at Dresden for the entire observation period 2006–2016 [25];
- Table S4: The monthly and 10-year median values of selected parameters along all three OW’s of the transect in the WW Dresden-Tolkewitz for the entire observation period 2006–2016;
- Table S5: The statistical data for the low flow period in 2015;
- Table S6: The statistical data for Mn release during the column experiment with riverbed sediment from the Elbe river in Dresden-Tolkewitz, Q1 and Q3 correspond to the 1st and 3rd quartile;
- Table S7: The comparison of the measured parameter values during the column experiment and the modeled parameters from PHREEQC;
- Table S8: The results and statistical data of the sequential extraction of the riverbed sediment after the column experiment (n = 3 for each statistical data);
- Table S9: The median concentration of DO in the outflow during the column experiment.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Column | 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature in °C | 10 | 20 | 30 | 35 | ||||||||
Flow in mL/min | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
n Samples/event | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
This Study | |||||
Temperature | va | kox | knit | kmn | Notes |
m/s | mol/(L·s) | mol/(L·s) | mol/(L·s) | ||
10 °C | 8.60 × 10−6 | 5.18 × 10−10 | 2.00 × 10−12 | 2.50 × 10−10 | Low infiltration rate (1 mL/min) |
1.72 × 10−5 | 8.65 × 10−10 | 7.00 × 10−12 | 2.00 × 10−10 | Mean infiltration rate (2 mL/min) | |
3.44 × 10−5 | 1.80 × 10−9 | 5.00 × 10−12 | 1.00 × 10−10 | High infiltration rate (4 mL/min) | |
20 °C | 8.60 × 10−6 | 2.17 × 10−10 | 1.53 × 10−10 | 1.10 × 10−10 | Low infiltration rate (1 mL/min) |
1.72 × 10−5 | 4.50 × 10−10 | 5.50 × 10−11 | 1.50 × 10−10 | Mean infiltration rate (2 mL/min) | |
3.44 × 10−5 | 8.90 × 10−10 | 5.00 × 10−12 | 1.00 × 10−10 | High infiltration rate (4 mL/min) | |
30 °C | 8.60 × 10−6 | 1.02 × 10−10 | 1.88 × 10−10 | 1.90 × 10−9 | Low infiltration rate (1 mL/min) |
1.72 × 10−5 | 2.14 × 10−10 | 2.80 × 10−10 | 2.20 × 10−9 | Mean infiltration rate (2 mL/min) | |
3.44 × 10−5 | 4.70 × 10−10 | 5.00 × 10−12 | 1.00 × 10−10 | High infiltration rate (4 mL/min) | |
35 °C | 8.60 × 10−6 | 9.70 × 10−11 | 1.35 × 10−10 | 1.62 × 10−9 | Low infiltration rate (1 mL/min) |
1.72 × 10−5 | 2.14 × 10−10 | 3.50 × 10−11 | 1.40 × 10−9 | Mean infiltration rate (2 mL/min) | |
3.44 × 10−5 | 4.28 × 10−10 | 5.00 × 10−12 | 1.95 × 10−9 | High infiltration rate (4 mL/min) | |
10%ile | 1.13 × 10−10 | 5.00 × 10−12 | 1.00 × 10−10 | ||
Median | 4.39 × 10−10 | 2.10 × 10−11 | 2.25 × 10−10 | ||
90%ile | 8.88 × 10−10 | 1.85 × 10−10 | 1.95 × 10−9 | ||
n | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
Literature Data | |||||
Temperature | va | kox | knit | kmn | Source |
m/s | mol/(L·s) | mol/(L·s) | mol/(L·s) | ||
Variable | Variable | 1.52 × 10−10 | 3.81 × 10−11 | 8.91 × 10−13 | [31] |
Variable | Variable | 2.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.70 × 10−12 | [14] |
22 °C | 7.60 × 10−6 | 3.50 × 10−8 | 3.40 × 10−8 | 3.00 × 10−13 | [35] |
n.a. | n.a. | 3.98 × 10−10 | 3.98 × 10−11 | 6.31 × 10−14 | [36] |
Variable | Variable | 1.57 × 10−9 | 1.00 × 10−11 | n.a. | [37] |
Variable | Variable | 1.30 × 10−9 | 8.00 × 10−10 | n.a. | [33] for DOC |
Variable | Variable | 1.90 × 10−11 | 1.20 × 10−11 | n.a. | [33] for SOM |
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Paufler, S.; Grischek, T.; Benso, M.R.; Seidel, N.; Fischer, T. The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany. Water 2018, 10, 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101476
Paufler S, Grischek T, Benso MR, Seidel N, Fischer T. The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany. Water. 2018; 10(10):1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101476
Chicago/Turabian StylePaufler, Sebastian, Thomas Grischek, Marcos Roberto Benso, Nadine Seidel, and Thomas Fischer. 2018. "The Impact of River Discharge and Water Temperature on Manganese Release from the Riverbed during Riverbank Filtration: A Case Study from Dresden, Germany" Water 10, no. 10: 1476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101476