Variations of Energy Fluxes and Ecosystem Evapotranspiration in a Young Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest in Western Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Site Description
2.2. Instrumentation and Flux Measurements
2.3. Data Processing and Correction
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Micrometeorological Conditions
3.2. Energy Dissipation and Partitioning
3.3. Variations in Ecosystem Evapotranspiration
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Seasonality | Monthly | Rn | H | LE | Gsf | Albedo | Rn | H | LE | Gsf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(W m−2) | (%) | |||||||||
Wet season 2009 | May | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * |
Jun | 122.71 | 13.52 | 100.49 | −5.30 | 0.17 | 100 | 11 | 82 | −4 | |
Jul | 110.66 | 4.01 | 96.55 | −4.48 | 0.17 | 100 | 4 | 87 | −4 | |
Aug | 132.47 | 30.72 | 83.42 | −3.75 | 0.17 | 100 | 23 | 63 | −3 | |
Sep | 142.77 | 15.80 | 99.82 | −2.33 | 0.16 | 100 | 11 | 70 | −2 | |
Oct | 140.12 | 19.15 | 94.76 | −3.53 | 0.15 | 100 | 14 | 68 | −3 | |
average | 129.75 | 16.64 | 95.01 | −3.88 | 0.16 | 100 | 13 | 74 | −3 | |
SE | 13.21 | 9.67 | 6.89 | 1.11 | 0.01 | |||||
Dry season 2009/2010 | Nov | 131.62 | 19.67 | 93.55 | −6.27 | 0.15 | 100 | 15 | 71 | −5 |
Dec | 106.50 | 41.12 | 48.11 | 2.01 | 0.16 | 100 | 39 | 45 | 2 | |
Jan | 96.33 | 67.69 | 14.50 | 3.66 | 0.17 | 100 | 70 | 15 | 4 | |
Feb | 120.42 | 94.56 | 7.04 | 11.32 | 0.17 | 100 | 79 | 6 | 9 | |
Mar | 118.35 | 96.41 | 6.05 | 10.91 | 0.18 | 100 | 81 | 5 | 9 | |
Apr | 144.20 | 106.97 | 15.47 | 8.15 | 0.17 | 100 | 74 | 11 | 6 | |
average | 119.57 | 71.07 | 30.79 | 4.96 | 0.17 | 100 | 60 | 25 | 4 | |
SE | 17.12 | 34.74 | 34.39 | 6.67 | 0.01 | |||||
Wet season 2010 | May | 142.73 | 74.98 | 46.23 | −0.18 | 0.16 | 100 | 53 | 32 | 0 |
Jun | 150.98 | 31.04 | 102.35 | −2.37 | 0.17 | 100 | 21 | 68 | −2 | |
Jul | 143.83 | 15.30 | 108.01 | −3.82 | 0.17 | 100 | 11 | 75 | −3 | |
Aug | 131.65 | 9.88 | 104.97 | −4.86 | 0.17 | 100 | 8 | 80 | −4 | |
Sep | 156.80 | 17.64 | 102.58 | −2.16 | 0.16 | 100 | 11 | 65 | −1 | |
Oct | 121.08 | 11.10 | 92.48 | −9.18 | 0.15 | 100 | 9 | 76 | −8 | |
average | 141.18 | 26.66 | 92.77 | −3.76 | 0.16 | 100 | 19 | 66 | −3 | |
SE | 13.00 | 24.85 | 23.39 | 3.09 | 0.01 | |||||
Dry season 2010/2011 | Nov | 115.86 | 6.29 | 87.77 | −7.55 | 0.15 | 100 | 5 | 76 | −7 |
Dec | 113.10 | 15.74 | 81.93 | −6.48 | 0.15 | 100 | 14 | 72 | −6 | |
Jan | 114.45 | 50.36 | 77.76 | −2.32 | 0.16 | 100 | 44 | 68 | −2 | |
Feb | 119.32 | 78.96 | 27.02 | 9.13 | 0.16 | 100 | 66 | 23 | 8 | |
Mar | 93.91 | 75.62 | 22.66 | −2.16 | 0.16 | 100 | 81 | 24 | −2 | |
Apr | 150.65 | 41.91 | 84.35 | 4.24 | 0.15 | 100 | 28 | 56 | 3 | |
average | 117.88 | 44.81 | 63.58 | −0.86 | 0.15 | 100 | 40 | 53 | −1 | |
SE | 18.38 | 29.94 | 30.22 | 6.42 | 0.01 | |||||
Wet season 2011 | May | 163.37 | 20.41 | 114.58 | −1.26 | 0.15 | 100 | 12 | 70 | −1 |
Jun | 125.02 | 3.24 | 101.79 | −2.63 | 0.16 | 100 | 3 | 81 | −2 | |
Jul | 128.42 | 12.33 | 113.48 | −3.01 | 0.16 | 100 | 10 | 88 | −2 | |
Aug | 132.23 | 23.78 | 98.69 | −0.86 | 0.16 | 100 | 18 | 75 | −1 | |
Sep | 121.43 | 12.81 | 106.40 | −2.04 | 0.15 | 100 | 11 | 88 | −2 | |
Oct | 112.20 | 18.71 | 84.85 | −5.12 | 0.15 | 100 | 17 | 76 | −5 | |
average | 130.45 | 15.21 | 103.30 | −2.49 | 0.16 | 100 | 12 | 80 | −2 | |
SE | 17.52 | 7.35 | 10.99 | 1.52 | 0.01 | |||||
Total dry | 118.73 | 57.94 | 47.18 | 2.05 | 0.16 | 100 | 50 | 39 | 2 | |
Total wet | 144.76 | 21.24 | 100.79 | −2.97 | 0.16 | 100 | 14 | 73 | −3 | |
Total all season | 131.75 | 39.59 | 73.99 | −0.46 | 0.16 | 100 | 32 | 56 | −1 |
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Sanwangsri, M.; Hanpattanakit, P.; Chidthaisong, A. Variations of Energy Fluxes and Ecosystem Evapotranspiration in a Young Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest in Western Thailand. Atmosphere 2017, 8, 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080152
Sanwangsri M, Hanpattanakit P, Chidthaisong A. Variations of Energy Fluxes and Ecosystem Evapotranspiration in a Young Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest in Western Thailand. Atmosphere. 2017; 8(8):152. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080152
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanwangsri, Montri, Phongthep Hanpattanakit, and Amnat Chidthaisong. 2017. "Variations of Energy Fluxes and Ecosystem Evapotranspiration in a Young Secondary Dry Dipterocarp Forest in Western Thailand" Atmosphere 8, no. 8: 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8080152