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Atmosphere
Volume 8
Issue 3
10.3390/atmos8030057
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Article

Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations

by
Yukiko Imada
1,*,
Shuhei Maeda
1,
Masahiro Watanabe
2,
Hideo Shiogama
3,
Ryo Mizuta
1,
Masayoshi Ishii
1 and
Masahide Kimoto
2
1
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Ibaraki Prefecture 305-0052, Japan
2
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Chiba Prefecture 277-8568, Japan
3
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki Prefecture 305-8506, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Christina Anagnostopoulou
Atmosphere 2017, 8(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8030057
Received: 30 December 2016 / Revised: 6 March 2017 / Accepted: 9 March 2017 / Published: 17 March 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Temperature Extremes and Heat/Cold Waves)
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Abstract

Since the late 1990s, land surface temperatures over Japan have increased during the summer and autumn, while global mean temperatures have not risen in this duration (i.e., the global warming hiatus). In contrast, winter and spring temperatures in Japan have decreased. To assess the impact of both global warming and global-scale decadal variability on this enhanced seasonal temperature contrast, we analyzed the outputs of 100 ensemble simulations of historical and counterfactual non-warming climate simulations conducted using a high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Our simulations showed that atmospheric fields impacted by the La Nina-like conditions associated with Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) have predominantly contributed to the seasonal temperature contrast over Japan. Compared with the impact of negative IPO, the influence of global warming on seasonal temperature contrasts in Japan was small. In addition, atmospheric variability has also had a large impact on temperatures in Japan over a decadal timescale. The results of this study suggest a future increase in heatwave risk during the summer and autumn when La Nina-like decadal phenomena and atmospheric perturbations coincide over a background of global warming. View Full-Text
Keywords: extreme climate; global warming; event attribution; general circulation model extreme climate; global warming; event attribution; general circulation model
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Imada, Y.; Maeda, S.; Watanabe, M.; Shiogama, H.; Mizuta, R.; Ishii, M.; Kimoto, M. Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations. Atmosphere 2017, 8, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8030057

AMA Style

Imada Y, Maeda S, Watanabe M, Shiogama H, Mizuta R, Ishii M, Kimoto M. Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations. Atmosphere. 2017; 8(3):57. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8030057

Chicago/Turabian Style

Imada, Yukiko, Shuhei Maeda, Masahiro Watanabe, Hideo Shiogama, Ryo Mizuta, Masayoshi Ishii, and Masahide Kimoto. 2017. "Recent Enhanced Seasonal Temperature Contrast in Japan from Large Ensemble High-Resolution Climate Simulations" Atmosphere 8, no. 3: 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8030057

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