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Volume 7
Issue 11
10.3390/atmos7110141
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Review

Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion

by
Simone Simões Amaral
1,*,
João Andrade de Carvalho
1,
Maria Angélica Martins Costa
2 and
Cleverson Pinheiro
3
1
Department of Energy, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
2
Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Chemical Technology, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
3
Department of Logistic, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Jacarei 12322-030, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2016, 7(11), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7110141
Submission received: 6 September 2016 / Revised: 22 October 2016 / Accepted: 27 October 2016 / Published: 31 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Burning)
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Abstract

Emission factor is a relative measure and can be used to estimate emissions from multiple sources of air pollution. For this reason, data from literature on particulate matter emission factors from different types of biomass were evaluated in this paper. Initially, the main sources of particles were described, as well as relevant concepts associated with particle measurements. In addition, articles about particle emissions were classified and described in relation to the sampling environment (open or closed) and type of burned biomass (agricultural, garden, forest, and dung). Based on this analysis, a set of emission factors was presented and discussed. Important observations were made about the main emission sources of particulate matter. Combustion of compacted biomass resulted in lower particulate emission factors. PM2.5 emissions were predominant in the burning of forest biomass. Emission factors were more elevated in laboratory burning, followed by burns in the field, residences and combustors.
Keywords: particulate matter; emission factor; air pollution; biomass burning particulate matter; emission factor; air pollution; biomass burning
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MDPI and ACS Style

Simões Amaral, S.; Andrade de Carvalho, J.; Martins Costa, M.A.; Pinheiro, C. Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion. Atmosphere 2016, 7, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7110141

AMA Style

Simões Amaral S, Andrade de Carvalho J, Martins Costa MA, Pinheiro C. Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion. Atmosphere. 2016; 7(11):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7110141

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simões Amaral, Simone, João Andrade de Carvalho, Maria Angélica Martins Costa, and Cleverson Pinheiro. 2016. "Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion" Atmosphere 7, no. 11: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7110141

APA Style

Simões Amaral, S., Andrade de Carvalho, J., Martins Costa, M. A., & Pinheiro, C. (2016). Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Biomass Combustion. Atmosphere, 7(11), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7110141

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