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Volume 16
Issue 9
10.3390/atmos16091015
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Seasonal Variations and Correlations of Optical and Physical Properties of Upper Cloud-Aerosol Layers in Russia Based on Lidar Remote Sensing

by
Miao Zhang
1,2,3,
Zijun Su
1,
Zixin Luo
1,
Yating Zhang
1,
Zhibiao Liu
1,
Tianhang Chen
1,
Yachen Liu
1 and
Ge Han
3,*
1
Engineering Research Center of Environmental Laser Remote Sensing Technology and Application of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
2
Key Laboratory of Natural Disaster and Remote Sensing of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
3
Perception and Effectiveness Assessment for Carbon-Neutrality Efforts, Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2025, 16(9), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091015
Submission received: 24 June 2025 / Revised: 26 August 2025 / Accepted: 27 August 2025 / Published: 28 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Aerosols)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Cloud-aerosol interactions represent a critical uncertainty in climate systems. Using 2006–2021 CALIPSO products, we investigated upper tropospheric clouds and aerosol layers across four Russian regions: Western Plains, West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, and Eastern Mountains. Top Cloud Optical Depth (TCOD), Top Depolarization Ratio of clouds (TDRc), and Layer Level (LLc) exhibit pronounced seasonal and diurnal variations, peaking during summer and nighttime when convection intensifies. Upper aerosol layers show low Total Aerosol Optical Depth (TAOD) and Color Ratio (CRa), often displaying multi-layered structures influenced by spring–summer dust transport and biomass burning. We constructed a correlation matrix of 49 parameter pairs (7 cloud × 7 aerosol parameters), revealing moderate positive correlations between cloud and aerosol layer heights under coexistence conditions. TDRc showed weak linear but strong nonlinear relationships with aerosol parameters, indicating complex coupling mechanisms beyond simple linear models. Nighttime observations demonstrated superior signal-to-noise ratios and correlation coefficients compared to daytime measurements. These findings enhance understanding of cloud-aerosol coupling at middle-high latitudes, providing parameterization constraints for improving global climate model representations of these processes.
Keywords: high-level clouds; aerosols; correlation; Russia; CALIPSO satellite high-level clouds; aerosols; correlation; Russia; CALIPSO satellite

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, M.; Su, Z.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Chen, T.; Liu, Y.; Han, G. Seasonal Variations and Correlations of Optical and Physical Properties of Upper Cloud-Aerosol Layers in Russia Based on Lidar Remote Sensing. Atmosphere 2025, 16, 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091015

AMA Style

Zhang M, Su Z, Luo Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chen T, Liu Y, Han G. Seasonal Variations and Correlations of Optical and Physical Properties of Upper Cloud-Aerosol Layers in Russia Based on Lidar Remote Sensing. Atmosphere. 2025; 16(9):1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091015

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Miao, Zijun Su, Zixin Luo, Yating Zhang, Zhibiao Liu, Tianhang Chen, Yachen Liu, and Ge Han. 2025. "Seasonal Variations and Correlations of Optical and Physical Properties of Upper Cloud-Aerosol Layers in Russia Based on Lidar Remote Sensing" Atmosphere 16, no. 9: 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091015

APA Style

Zhang, M., Su, Z., Luo, Z., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, T., Liu, Y., & Han, G. (2025). Seasonal Variations and Correlations of Optical and Physical Properties of Upper Cloud-Aerosol Layers in Russia Based on Lidar Remote Sensing. Atmosphere, 16(9), 1015. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091015

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