Abstract
This study investigates the impact of warm core eddies (WCEs) on the ocean response and intensity of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Northwest Pacific, focusing on three typhoons in 2018: Jebi, Trami, and Kong-rey. The research uses the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast (HWRF) model coupled with the MPIPOM-TC ocean model. Idealized WCEs are embedded into the ocean model ahead of each TC. The impacts of WCEs are evaluated by comparing simulations with and without their presence. Uncoupled experiments with the fixed sea surface temperature (SST) serve as a reference for TC maximum potential intensity. To quantitatively assess the impact of WCEs on the SST, enthalpy fluxes, and TC intensity, a Maximum WCE Potential Index (MWPI) is introduced. Our findings indicate that for a WCE with a 200 km radius, the potential to reduce SST cooling ranges from 34 to 37%, while the potential to increase enthalpy fluxes varies between 25 and 39%. The influence of WCEs on TC intensity, as measured by minimum pressure, shows a larger variation from 27% to 48%, depending on the oceanic and atmospheric environmental conditions in each storm. Additional experiments reveal the sensitivity of the MWPI to WCE size, with TC Trami showing less sensitivity due to its slower translational speed. This study underscores the significant role of oceanic thermal conditions, particularly WCEs, in modulating TC intensity.