Objective Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Identifying Cyclones
2.2.2. Tracking Cyclone Events
2.2.3. Quantifying Cyclone Characteristics
3. Results
3.1. Sensitivity to the Smoothing Parameter for the Relative Vorticity Field
3.2. Sensitivity to Threshold of Relative Vorticity
3.3. Sensitivity to the Minimum Area of Relative Vorticity under the Threshold
3.4. First Case Study: Extratropical Cyclone of 26–28 October 2016
3.5. Second Case Study: Extratropical Cyclone of 15–17 August 2020
3.6. Temporal Resolution
3.7. Extratropical Cyclone Climatology
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | Variable Used to Identify | Main Characteristics |
---|---|---|
Blender and Scubert, 2000 [16]; Trigo, 2006 [17]. | local minimum of the geopotential height of the 1000-hPa surface | nearest-neighbor search method |
Crawford and Serreze, 2016 [22]; Crawford et al., 2021 [23]; Hanley and Caballero, 2012 [10]; Lionello et al., 2002 [8] | Minimum mean sea level pressure | nearest-neighbor search method |
Murray and Simmonds, 1991 [7]; Simmonds and Keay, 2000 [24], Lim and Simmonds, 2007 [19]; Pinto et al., 2005 [21]; Rudeva and Gulev, 2007 [9]. | Minimum mean sea level pressure | estimate the subsequent displacement and pressure change |
Reboita et al., 2010 [25]; Reboita et al., 2017 [14] | relative vorticity of the 925 hPa surface | nearest-neighbor search method |
Inatsu, 2009 [12] | relative vorticity of the 850 hPa surface | area under a threshold |
Flauonas, 2014 [18] | relative vorticity of the 850 hPa surface | most natural evolution of relative vorticity field |
Hewson and Titley, 2010 [26] | mean sea level pressure and relative vorticity | graphical processing |
Minimum Area Test | Lifetime Mean | Lifetime Standard Deviation | Mean Speed Mean | Mean Speed Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|
9 | 24.9 | 12.6 | 56.4 | 16.5 |
12 | 24.8 | 12.2 | 56.3 | 16.4 |
15 | 24.6 | 12.0 | 56.3 | 16.2 |
18 | 24.4 | 11.7 | 56.3 | 16.1 |
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Padilha Reinke, C.K.; Machado, J.P.; Mata, M.M.; de Azevedo, J.L.L.; Saraiva, J.M.B.; Rodrigues, R. Objective Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020230
Padilha Reinke CK, Machado JP, Mata MM, de Azevedo JLL, Saraiva JMB, Rodrigues R. Objective Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(2):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020230
Chicago/Turabian StylePadilha Reinke, Carina K., Jeferson P. Machado, Mauricio M. Mata, José Luiz L. de Azevedo, Jaci Maria Bilhalva Saraiva, and Regina Rodrigues. 2024. "Objective Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere" Atmosphere 15, no. 2: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020230