Climate Change: An Issue That Should Be Part of Workers’ Information and Training Duties Envisaged by EU Directives on Occupational Health and Safety
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Indoor Workers
3.2. Outdoor Workers
3.3. Thermal Environment, Meteorological Conditions, and Productivity
3.4. Mental Health
3.5. Solar Radiation
3.6. Air Pollution
3.7. Communicable Diseases
3.8. Allergic Diseases
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Outdoor Workers or Jobs/Activities |
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Asphalt workers |
Beach workers |
Construction workers |
Drivers (trucks, public transports, etc.) |
Farmers and forestry workers |
Fishing activities |
Fuel station workers |
Green areas maintenance workers |
Offshore workers |
Open sky miners |
Outdoor loading and unloading workers |
Outdoor security activities |
Outdoor sport instructors |
Mail carriers |
Power lines and water pipes workers |
Ski instructors and other outdoor winter workers |
Emergency workers |
Street vendors |
CC: Definition and General Features |
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CC awareness over time: the role of IPCC and other national and international bodies |
The main impacts of CC on the environment (e.g., oceans, lands, and ecosystems) |
CC and human health: direct, indirect, and diffusive impacts. Diseases induced or aggravated by CC |
Mitigation of CC and adaptation to CC: concepts and challenges |
CC impacts on occupational health: changes in occupational exposure to physical, chemical, and biological agents in both outdoor and indoor occupational settings due to CC. Climate-amplified profiles of individual susceptibility |
Tailoring preventive and protective measures to reduce the exposure to occupational risk factors modified by a changing climate |
Environmental monitoring: choice of available approaches and methods taking into account CC impact on workers’ health. Toward the development of real time, highly sensitive, highly specific, and integrated multidetection devices |
Personal protective equipment (PPE): CC as an additional reason for a careful choice of PPE and a driver to the development of new, more effective, and smart multiprotective devices |
CC challenges for workers’ health surveillance: appropriate use of existing biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility and development of new biomarkers; early detection of both direct and indirect effects due to an altered thermal environment as well as to exposure to other climate-sensitive risk factors; worker’s fitness to a job in climate-altered settings. The concept of total workers’ health: implications for health surveillance practice |
Health education: risk perception of CC-related concerns, teaching strategies and approaches of CC-related topics, the importance of healthy lifestyles and behaviors not only in terms of health promotion and worker’s well-being but for improving individual worker responses to climate challenges and the resilience of the workforce *. |
The Ongoing CC, Its Drivers, and Environmental and Health Impacts |
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National and international bodies dealing with CC: IPCC scenarios |
Mitigation and adaptation measures |
Impact of CC on occupational health and safety: outdoor and indoor working settings at higher risk |
Preventive and protective measures: availability, choice, and behaviors |
Health surveillance and health education: a proper health surveillance and an effective education to healthy lifestyles and behaviors reinforce individual and community resilience, supporting the worker to adapt to a changing climate |
Focus on single risk factors (or specific combination of risk factors) modulated by CC in relation to the specific job/activity/working setting |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Grandi, C.; Lancia, A.; D’Ovidio, M.C. Climate Change: An Issue That Should Be Part of Workers’ Information and Training Duties Envisaged by EU Directives on Occupational Health and Safety. Atmosphere 2023, 14, 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071183
Grandi C, Lancia A, D’Ovidio MC. Climate Change: An Issue That Should Be Part of Workers’ Information and Training Duties Envisaged by EU Directives on Occupational Health and Safety. Atmosphere. 2023; 14(7):1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071183
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrandi, Carlo, Andrea Lancia, and Maria Concetta D’Ovidio. 2023. "Climate Change: An Issue That Should Be Part of Workers’ Information and Training Duties Envisaged by EU Directives on Occupational Health and Safety" Atmosphere 14, no. 7: 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071183