Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Alternative to the Internal Combustion Engine for Emission Reduction: A Review on the Effect of Gas Flow Channel Structures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Comparison of Life-Cycle Emissions of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles to Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
3. Geometric Structure and Parameters of Gas Flow Channels
3.1. The Shape of the Channel Cross Section
3.2. The Length and Width of the Flow Channel
3.3. The Number of Gas Flow Channels
3.4. Headers at the Inlet and Outlet
4. Morphing in Flow Field Design
4.1. Design of Tortuous Flow Channels
4.2. Design of Unfixed Cross Sections
4.3. Placement of Baffles
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
AR | aspect ratio |
BEV | Battery electric vehicle |
CFD | Computational Fluid Dynamics |
CL | Catalyst layer |
CO | carbon monoxide |
CO | carbon dioxide |
E | cell voltage, V |
electron | |
FECV | Fuel cell electric vehicle |
GDL | Gas diffusion layer |
GFCs | Gas flow channels |
H | height, mm |
hydrogen ion | |
hydrogen | |
water | |
ICEV | Internal combustion engine vehicle |
i | current density, A cm |
L | length, mm |
channel length, mm | |
length of computational domain, mm | |
length of trap, mm | |
LA | leading angle, |
LCA | Life-cycle assessment |
MEA | Membrane electrode assemblies |
NEDE | New European Driving Cycle |
NO | nitrogen oxide |
oxygen | |
PEMFC | Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell |
RDE | real driving emission |
SIP | Sub-channel Inlet Position, % |
US | United States |
VOF | Volume of Fluid |
width of computational domain | |
WTW | well to wheel |
channel to rib width ratio |
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Electrode | Equation of Electrochemical Reaction |
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Anode | |
Cathode |
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Gong, M.; Zhang, X.; Chen, M.; Ren, Y. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Alternative to the Internal Combustion Engine for Emission Reduction: A Review on the Effect of Gas Flow Channel Structures. Atmosphere 2023, 14, 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030439
Gong M, Zhang X, Chen M, Ren Y. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Alternative to the Internal Combustion Engine for Emission Reduction: A Review on the Effect of Gas Flow Channel Structures. Atmosphere. 2023; 14(3):439. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030439
Chicago/Turabian StyleGong, Mengjun, Xinyu Zhang, Mengrong Chen, and Yong Ren. 2023. "Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell as an Alternative to the Internal Combustion Engine for Emission Reduction: A Review on the Effect of Gas Flow Channel Structures" Atmosphere 14, no. 3: 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030439