Adhering Solid Precipitation in the Current and Pseudo-Global Warming Future Climate over the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Datasets and Methodology
2.1. Observational Meteorological and Land Surface Data
2.2. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Simulations
2.3. Methodology Including Definitions
3. Model Evaluation
4. Adhering Solid Precipitation Patterns
4.1. Occurrences and Amounts
4.2. Spatial Patterns of Occurrences and Amounts
4.2.1. Occurrences
4.2.2. Amounts
4.3. Temporal Patterns
5. Events with Adhering Solid Precipitation
5.1. Number and Duration
5.2. Amount and Duration
5.3. Longest Duration Events
6. Interpretation and Related Features
6.1. Precipitation Amount Perspective
6.2. Storm Feature Perspective
6.3. Topographic Effects
7. Implications
7.1. Adhesion, Categories, and Winds within Events
7.2. Electrical Transmission Lines and Vegetation
8. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Precipitation | Wet-Bulb Temperature |
---|---|
Adhering solid precipitation | −2 °C ≤ Tw ≤ 2 °C |
Categories: | |
Solid precipitation not-wet/sticky
| −2 °C ≤ Tw ≤ 0 °C |
Solid precipitation wet/sticky
| 0 °C < Tw ≤ 2 °C |
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Stewart, R.; Liu, Z.; Painchaud-Niemi, D.; Hanesiak, J.; Thériault, J.M. Adhering Solid Precipitation in the Current and Pseudo-Global Warming Future Climate over the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Atmosphere 2023, 14, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020396
Stewart R, Liu Z, Painchaud-Niemi D, Hanesiak J, Thériault JM. Adhering Solid Precipitation in the Current and Pseudo-Global Warming Future Climate over the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Atmosphere. 2023; 14(2):396. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020396
Chicago/Turabian StyleStewart, Ronald, Zhuo Liu, Dylan Painchaud-Niemi, John Hanesiak, and Julie M. Thériault. 2023. "Adhering Solid Precipitation in the Current and Pseudo-Global Warming Future Climate over the Canadian Provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan" Atmosphere 14, no. 2: 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020396