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Volume 12
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Article

Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size?

by
Qingtao Zhang
1,
Yixuan Chen
1,
Yujiu Xiong
2,3,4,
Shigeoki Moritani
5,
Xinyu Wu
2,3,4,
Chunhua Yan
6 and
Xiaohong Chen
2,3,4,*
1
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
2
School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519082, China
3
Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Water Security Regulation and Control for Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
4
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Marine Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Tangjiawan, Zhuhai 519082, China
5
Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan
6
School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Atmosphere 2021, 12(7), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070845
Submission received: 10 June 2021 / Revised: 23 June 2021 / Accepted: 25 June 2021 / Published: 29 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agricultural Microclimate and Irrigation Water Management)
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Abstract

To better understand the sensitivity of berry size and grapevine photosynthesis to water stress, and determine the soil water potential (ψ) threshold for scheduling irrigation during the maturation stage, we simultaneously measured berry size with photographs, leaf net photosynthesis with a portable meter, and ψ with tensiometers during the drying cycles for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). Our results showed that in berry development stage III (maturation), photosynthesis was more sensitive to water stress than berry size. When ψ decreased beyond −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and extrinsic (AN/E) and intrinsic (AN/gs) water use efficiency (WUE) decreased rapidly and did not recover thereafter. In contrast, the berry size remained close to unaffected by the decreasing ψ until it reached a value of −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa and, thereafter, the berry shrank significantly. In conclusion, we suggest that during the maturation stage of grapevines, for the potted mixture used in our experiments, irrigation should be triggered when the ψ reaches a value of −13.2 ± 0.82 kPa. Further, ψ should be kept lower than −6.9 ± 0.15 kPa after irrigation, because the highest values of intrinsic WUE (AN/gs) occurred when ψ decreased from −6.9 ± 0.15 to −14.6 ± 0.7 kPa. In arid areas, the threshold ψ should be considered as −16.2 ± 0.77 kPa during maturation to achieve high-efficiency use of water resources and sustainable production of grapevines.
Keywords: water stress sensitivity; soil water potential threshold; grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; berry diameter water stress sensitivity; soil water potential threshold; grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; berry diameter

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Q.; Chen, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Moritani, S.; Wu, X.; Yan, C.; Chen, X. Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size? Atmosphere 2021, 12, 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070845

AMA Style

Zhang Q, Chen Y, Xiong Y, Moritani S, Wu X, Yan C, Chen X. Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size? Atmosphere. 2021; 12(7):845. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070845

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Qingtao, Yixuan Chen, Yujiu Xiong, Shigeoki Moritani, Xinyu Wu, Chunhua Yan, and Xiaohong Chen. 2021. "Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size?" Atmosphere 12, no. 7: 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070845

APA Style

Zhang, Q., Chen, Y., Xiong, Y., Moritani, S., Wu, X., Yan, C., & Chen, X. (2021). Which Is More Sensitive to Water Stress for Irrigation Scheduling during the Maturation Stage: Grapevine Photosynthesis or Berry Size? Atmosphere, 12(7), 845. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070845

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