Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Correlation between the Winter Temperature in Korea and SH
3.2. Time-Mean Anomaly Pattern of Temperature and Mean Sea-Level Pressure
3.3. Large-Scale Circulation around Korea
3.3.1. Surface Air Temperature and Mean Sea-Level Pressure
3.3.2. Geopotential Height at 300 hPa
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SHI | AO | Nino3.4 |
---|---|---|
1949–2017 | −0.33 * | 0.02 |
1971–1990 | −0.43 | 0.13 |
1991–2010 | −0.03 | −0.17 |
ALI | AO | Nino3.4 |
---|---|---|
1949–2017 | 0.33 * | −0.46 * |
1971–1990 | 0.40 | −0.31 |
1991–2010 | 0.43 | −0.70 * |
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Yoon, J.-S.; Chung, I.-U.; Shin, H.-J.; Jang, K.-Y.; Kim, M.-K.; Park, J.-S.; Park, D.-S.R.; Boo, K.-O.; Byun, Y.-H.; Sung, H.-M. Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538
Yoon J-S, Chung I-U, Shin H-J, Jang K-Y, Kim M-K, Park J-S, Park D-SR, Boo K-O, Byun Y-H, Sung H-M. Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(5):538. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon, Jae-Seung, Il-Ung Chung, Ho-Jeong Shin, Kunmn-Yeong Jang, Maeng-Ki Kim, Jeong-Soo Park, Doo-Sun R. Park, Kyung-On Boo, Young-Hwa Byun, and Hyun-Min Sung. 2021. "Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea" Atmosphere 12, no. 5: 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538
APA StyleYoon, J.-S., Chung, I.-U., Shin, H.-J., Jang, K.-Y., Kim, M.-K., Park, J.-S., Park, D.-S. R., Boo, K.-O., Byun, Y.-H., & Sung, H.-M. (2021). Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea. Atmosphere, 12(5), 538. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538