June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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STATION ID | NAME | MAP CODE | LATITUDE (°) | LONGITUDE (°) | ELEVATION (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARIZONA | |||||
USC00020287 | ANVIL RANCH | 1 | 31.979 | −111.384 | 841 |
USC00020949 | BOUSE | 2 | 33.943 | −114.024 | 282 |
USC00021314 | CASA GRANDE NM | 3 | 32.995 | −111.537 | 433 |
USW00093026 | DOUGLAS BISBEE INT AP | 4 | 31.458 | −109.606 | 1251 |
USC00024829 | LAVEEN 3 SSE | 5 | 33.337 | −112.147 | 346 |
USC00025924 | NOGALES 6 N | 6 | 31.455 | −110.968 | 1055 |
USC00026132 | ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NM | 7 | 31.956 | −112.800 | 512 |
USW00023183 | PHOENIX AIRPORT | 8 | 33.428 | −112.004 | 337 |
USC00027390 | SAFFORD AG CENTER | 9 | 32.815 | −109.681 | 900 |
USC00028499 | TEMPE ASU | 10 | 33.426 | −111.922 | 356 |
USC00028619 | TOMBSTONE | 11 | 31.712 | −110.069 | 1420 |
USW00023160 | TUCSON INT AP | 12 | 32.131 | −110.955 | 777 |
USC00029334 | WILLCOX | 13 | 32.255 | −109.837 | 1271 |
USW00003145 | YUMA MCAS | 14 | 32.650 | −114.617 | 65 |
USW00003125 | YUMA PROVING GROUND | 15 | 32.836 | −114.394 | 99 |
CALIFORNIA | |||||
USW00023158 | BLYTHE ASOS | 16 | 33.619 | −114.714 | 120 |
USW00023161 | BARSTOW DAGGETT AP | 17 | 34.854 | −116.786 | 584 |
USC00042319 | DEATH VALLEY | 18 | 36.462 | −116.867 | −59 |
USC00043855 | HAYFIELD PUMPING PLANT | 19 | 33.704 | −115.629 | 418 |
USC00044223 | IMPERIAL | 20 | 32.849 | −115.567 | −20 |
USW00023179 | NEEDLES AIRPORT | 21 | 34.768 | −114.619 | 271 |
USC00049099 | TWENTYNINE PALMS | 22 | 34.128 | −116.037 | 602 |
NEVADA | |||||
USC00262243 | DESERT NATIONAL WILDLIFE RANGE | 23 | 36.438 | −115.360 | 888 |
USW00023169 | LAS VEGAS INT AP | 24 | 36.072 | −115.163 | 665 |
USC00267369 | SEARCHLIGHT | 25 | 35.466 | −114.922 | 1079 |
Mean 1950–2018 | DM | DT | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Division | Tmax °C | r * | sig * | °C/year | N years change (°C) | r ** | r ** |
AZ-5 | 38.8 | 0.42 | 0.000 | 0.033 | 2.28 | −0.81 | 0.55 |
AZ-6 | 38.3 | 0.36 | 0.002 | 0.025 | 1.73 | −0.61 | 0.27 |
AZ-7 | 34.7 | 0.43 | 0.000 | 0.028 | 1.93 | −0.68 | 0.41 |
CA-7 | 34.4 | 0.40 | 0.001 | 0.035 | 2.42 | −0.67 | 0.73 |
NV-4 | 34.8 | 0.39 | 0.001 | 0.034 | 2.35 | −0.75 | 0.82 |
Division | Tmin °C | r * | sig * | °C/year | N years change (°C) | r ** | r ** |
AZ-5 | 21.1 | 0.46 | 0.000 | 0.034 | 2.35 | −0.69 | 0.33 |
AZ-6 | 20.2 | 0.52 | 0.000 | 0.042 | 2.90 | −0.54 | −0.03 |
AZ-7 | 16.5 | 0.45 | 0.003 | 0.033 | 2.28 | −0.57 | 0.03 |
sCA-7 | 18.1 | 0.50 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 2.55 | −0.65 | 0.70 |
NV-4 | 19.0 | 0.61 | 0.000 | 0.048 | 3.31 | −0.51 | 0.71 |
ARIZONA | MAP CODE # | r * | Sig * | Tmax/Year (°C) | r * | Sig * | Tmin/Year (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANVIL RANCH | 1 | 0.20 | 0.13 | −0.013 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.021 |
BOUSE | 2 | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0.021 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 0.059 |
CASA GRANDE NM | 3 | 0.14 | 0.27 | 0.010 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.058 |
DOUGLAS BISBEE INT AP | 4 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.035 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.026 |
LAVEEN 3 SSE | 5 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 0.047 | 0.61 | 0.00 | 0.075 |
NOGALES 6 N | 6 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.035 | 0.32 | 0.01 | 0.033 |
ORGAN PIPE CACTUS NM | 7 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.026 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.048 |
PHOENIX INT AP | 8 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.038 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.113 |
SAFFORD AG CENTER | 9 | 0.38 | 0.00 | 0.026 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.054 |
TEMPE ASU | 10 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.009 | 0.65 | 0.00 | 0.099 |
TOMBSTONE | 11 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.024 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 0.043 |
TUCSON INT AP | 12 | 0.56 | 0.00 | 0.043 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.049 |
WILLCOX | 13 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.026 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.076 |
YUMA MCAS AP | 14 | 0.20 | 0.11 | 0.016 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.045 |
YUMA PROVING GROUND | 15 | 0.36 | 0.01 | 0.033 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.027 |
CALIFORNIA | |||||||
BLYTHE ASOS AP | 16 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 0.031 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.012 |
BARSTOW DAGGETT AP | 17 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.040 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.043 |
DEATH VALLEY | 18 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.040 | 0.27 | 0.03 | 0.027 |
HAYFIELD PUMPING PLANT | 19 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.036 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.011 |
IMPERIAL | 20 | 0.31 | 0.01 | 0.025 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.019 |
NEEDLES AIRPORT | 21 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.044 | 0.57 | 0.00 | 0.048 |
TWENTYNINE PALMS | 22 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.016 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.052 |
NEVADA | |||||||
DESERT NATIONAL WILDLIFE RANGE | 23 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.020 | 0.45 | 0.00 | 0.037 |
LAS VEGAS INT AP | 24 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.026 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.096 |
SEARCHLIGHT | 25 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.023 | 0.41 | 0.00 | 0.034 |
ELEV | Tmax | Tmin | Tmax/Year | Tmin/Year | LAT | LONG | % Shrub | % Crop | % dev | BI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ELEV | 1 | −0.89 | −0.77 | −0.14 | −0.05 | −0.26 | 0.56 | −0.01 | 0.04 | −0.00 | −0.14 |
Tmax | 1 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.18 | −0.30 | −0.03 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.11 | |
Tmin | 1 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.43 | −0.52 | −0.12 | −0.18 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ||
Tmax/year | 1 | 0.01 | 0.14 | −0.13 | 0.00 | −0.24 | 0.16 | −0.08 | |||
Tmin/year | 1 | 0.14 | 0.21 | −0.61 | −0.14 | 0.74 | 0.76 | ||||
LAT | 1 | −0.74 | 0.06 | −0.14 | 0.03 | 0.08 | |||||
LONG | 1 | −0.29 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.08 | ||||||
% shrub | 1 | −0.24 | −0.79 | −0.68 | |||||||
% crop | 1 | −0.26 | −0.18 | ||||||||
% dev | 1 | 0.83 | |||||||||
BI | 1 |
UHI Estimates (TU-R) | 1950–2018 | 1950–2018 | Sig Level | 1950–2018 | 2010–2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urban Area Airports | Mean TU-R (°C) | r of TU-R vs. Year | of r. | TU-R/Year Rate | Mean TU-R (°C) |
LasVegas TmaxU-R (24–23) | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.709 | 0.001 | 0.90 |
LasVegas TminU-R (24–23) | 4.79 | 0.80 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 6.50 |
Phoenix TmaxU-R (8–3) | −0.59 | 0.48 | 0.000 | 0.028 | −0.15 |
Phoenix TminU-R (8–3) | 4.64 | 0.62 | 0.000 | 0.054 | 4.33 |
Tucson TmaxU-R (12–17) | −0.21 | 0.81 | 0.000 | 0.058 | 4.08 |
Tucson TminU-R (12–17) | 3.16 | 0.56 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 1.02 |
Yuma TmaxU-R (14–15) | −0.03 | 0.44 | 0.001 | −0.013 | 0.23 |
Yuma TminU-R (14–15) | −0.03 | 0.52 | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.20 |
Yuma—Yuma Valley Max | 1.10 | 0.70 | 0.000 | 0.073 | n/a |
Yuma—Yuma Valley Min | 3.79 | 0.77 | 0.000 | 0.067 | n/a |
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Brazel, A. June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120800
Brazel A. June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas. Atmosphere. 2019; 10(12):800. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120800
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrazel, Anthony. 2019. "June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas" Atmosphere 10, no. 12: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120800
APA StyleBrazel, A. (2019). June Temperature Trends in the Southwest Deserts of the USA (1950–2018) and Implications for Our Urban Areas. Atmosphere, 10(12), 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120800