Characterization of Multitermination CG Flashes Using a 3D Lightning Mapping System (FALMA)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Observations and Data Processing
2.1. Observations
2.2. Data Processing
- Termination number: the number of terminations produced by each MTF;
- Termination distance: the horizontal distance between any two terminations in each MTF;
- Fork height: the altitude where the leader forked into different channels and eventually formed the different terminations;
- RS number: the number of RSs produced by each MTF;
- Time interval between the first strokes of each termination: the time difference between the first strokes of each termination;
- The shortest time difference between the strokes at different terminations: the shortest time interval between the strokes at different terminations;
- The first stroke intensity at each termination of an MTF: the range-normalized peak amplitude of the first stroke at each termination.
3. Results
3.1. Termination Number
3.2. Termination Distance
3.3. Fork Height
3.4. Return Stroke Number
3.5. Time Interval between the First Strokes of Each Termination
3.6. Shortest Time Difference between the Strokes at Different Terminations
3.7. RS1st Intensity at Each MTF Termination
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gao, P.; Wang, D.; Shi, D.; Wu, T.; Takagi, N. Characterization of Multitermination CG Flashes Using a 3D Lightning Mapping System (FALMA). Atmosphere 2019, 10, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100625
Gao P, Wang D, Shi D, Wu T, Takagi N. Characterization of Multitermination CG Flashes Using a 3D Lightning Mapping System (FALMA). Atmosphere. 2019; 10(10):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100625
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Panliang, Daohong Wang, Dongdong Shi, Ting Wu, and Nobuyuki Takagi. 2019. "Characterization of Multitermination CG Flashes Using a 3D Lightning Mapping System (FALMA)" Atmosphere 10, no. 10: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100625