Molecular Processes Connecting DNA Methylation Patterns with DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Modifications in Mammalian Genomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Evolutionary Impact of DNA Methylation
3. Genomic Distribution and Variability of DNA Methylation
3.1. Promoter Methylation
3.2. Enhancer Methylation and Influence of DNA Methylation on TF Binding
3.3. Repeat Methylation
3.4. DNA Methylation Canyons
4. Relation of DNA Methylation and Chromatin Marks
4.1. H3K4me3
4.2. H3K36me3
4.3. H3K27me3
4.4. H3K9me3
4.5. Chromatin Remodeling and DNA Methylation
5. Additional DNA Methylation Events
5.1. Non-CpG Methylation: Enzymes, Patterns, and Role
5.2. Rare Methylation Events: Controversies about 6mA and Mitochondrial DNA Methylation
6. Outlook
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Repeat Type | Total Number | Mean Length (bps) | Mean GC Content | Mean CpGexp/obs | DNA Methylation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SINE | 1,426,563 | 244 | 0.50 | 2.98 | H1: 81.4–90.2 |
IMR90: 62.8–90.9 | |||||
mHSC: 90.0 | |||||
LINE | 947,779 | 578 | 0.38 | 4.01 | H1: 82.6–90.7 |
IMR90: 41.9–88.4 | |||||
mHSC: 88.53 | |||||
LTR | 530,763 | 443 | 0.44 | 4.84 | H1: 81.4–90.7 |
IMR90: 37.2–83.7 | |||||
mHSC: 89.79 | |||||
DNA Transposon | 273,586 | 272 | 0.40 | 3.63 | H1: 83.7–91.9 |
IMR90: 45.4–90.7 |
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Jeltsch, A.; Broche, J.; Bashtrykov, P. Molecular Processes Connecting DNA Methylation Patterns with DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Modifications in Mammalian Genomes. Genes 2018, 9, 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9110566
Jeltsch A, Broche J, Bashtrykov P. Molecular Processes Connecting DNA Methylation Patterns with DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Modifications in Mammalian Genomes. Genes. 2018; 9(11):566. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9110566
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeltsch, Albert, Julian Broche, and Pavel Bashtrykov. 2018. "Molecular Processes Connecting DNA Methylation Patterns with DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Modifications in Mammalian Genomes" Genes 9, no. 11: 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9110566