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10.3390/genes13010157
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Article

Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations

by
Rocío Gómez
1,
Yessica S. Tapia-Guerrero
2,
Bulmaro Cisneros
3,
Lorena Orozco
4,
César Cerecedo-Zapata
2,5,
Elvia Mendoza-Caamal
4,
Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
6,
Norberto Leyva-García
2,
Luis Velázquez-Pérez
7 and
Jonathan J. Magaña
2,8,*
1
Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
2
Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute-Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico
3
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
4
Laboratory of Immunogenomics and Metabolic Diseases, National Genomic Medicine Institute (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
5
Rehabilitation and Social Inclusion Center of Veracruz (CRIS-DIF), Xalapa, Veracruz 91097, Mexico
6
Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM); Mexico City 04510, Mexico
7
Cuban Academy of Sciences, La Havana 10100, Cuba
8
Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México (ITESM-CCM), Mexico City 14380, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2022, 13(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010157
Submission received: 30 November 2021 / Revised: 4 January 2022 / Accepted: 13 January 2022 / Published: 16 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases)
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Abstract

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) conform a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance. Five of the most frequent SCAs are caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the exons of specific genes. The SCAs incidence and the distribution of polymorphic CAG alleles vary among populations and ethnicities. Thus, characterization of the genetic architecture of ethnically diverse populations, which have undergone recent admixture and demographic events, could facilitate the identification of genetic risk factors. Owing to the great ethnic diversity of the Mexican population, this study aimed to analyze the allele frequencies of five SCA microsatellite loci (SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA7) in eleven Mexican Native American (MNA) populations. Data from the literature were used to compare the allelic distribution of SCA loci with worldwide populations. The SCA loci allelic frequencies evidenced a certain genetic homogeneity in the MNA populations, except for Mayans, who exhibited distinctive genetic profiles. Neither pathological nor large normal alleles were found in MNA populations, except for the SCA2 pre-mutated allele in the Zapotec population. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the contribution of the MNA ancestry in shaping the genetic structure of contemporary Mexican Mestizo populations. Our results also suggest that Native American ancestry has no impact on the origin of SCAs in the Mexican population. Instead, the acquisition of pathological SCA alleles could be associated with European migration.
Keywords: spinocerebellar ataxias; CAG repeats; Native American population; Mexican population; allelic distribution; large normal alleles spinocerebellar ataxias; CAG repeats; Native American population; Mexican population; allelic distribution; large normal alleles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gómez, R.; Tapia-Guerrero, Y.S.; Cisneros, B.; Orozco, L.; Cerecedo-Zapata, C.; Mendoza-Caamal, E.; Leyva-Gómez, G.; Leyva-García, N.; Velázquez-Pérez, L.; Magaña, J.J. Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations. Genes 2022, 13, 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010157

AMA Style

Gómez R, Tapia-Guerrero YS, Cisneros B, Orozco L, Cerecedo-Zapata C, Mendoza-Caamal E, Leyva-Gómez G, Leyva-García N, Velázquez-Pérez L, Magaña JJ. Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations. Genes. 2022; 13(1):157. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010157

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gómez, Rocío, Yessica S. Tapia-Guerrero, Bulmaro Cisneros, Lorena Orozco, César Cerecedo-Zapata, Elvia Mendoza-Caamal, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Norberto Leyva-García, Luis Velázquez-Pérez, and Jonathan J. Magaña. 2022. "Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations" Genes 13, no. 1: 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010157

APA Style

Gómez, R., Tapia-Guerrero, Y. S., Cisneros, B., Orozco, L., Cerecedo-Zapata, C., Mendoza-Caamal, E., Leyva-Gómez, G., Leyva-García, N., Velázquez-Pérez, L., & Magaña, J. J. (2022). Genetic Distribution of Five Spinocerebellar Ataxia Microsatellite Loci in Mexican Native American Populations and Its Impact on Contemporary Mestizo Populations. Genes, 13(1), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13010157

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