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Volume 12
Issue 9
10.3390/genes12091407
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Article

Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight

by
Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
1,*,
Elzbieta Paszynska
2,
Karolina Bilska
1,
Paula Szczesniewska
3,
Ewa Bryl
3,
Joanna Duda
1,
Agata Dutkiewicz
4,
Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
4,
Piotr Czerski
1,
Tomasz Hanc
3 and
Agnieszka Slopien
4
1
Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
2
Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
3
Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
4
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Margarita Rivera and Esther Molina
Genes 2021, 12(9), 1407; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091407
Received: 24 August 2021 / Revised: 8 September 2021 / Accepted: 9 September 2021 / Published: 13 September 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Genetics of Psychiatric Disorders)
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Abstract

Comorbidity studies show that children with ADHD have a higher risk of being overweight and obese than healthy children. This study aimed to assess the genetic alternations that differ between and are shared by ADHD and excessive body weight (EBW). The sample consisted of 743 Polish children aged between 6 and 17 years. We analyzed a unique set of genes and polymorphisms selected for ADHD and/or obesity based on gene prioritization tools. Polymorphisms in the KCNIP1, SLC1A3, MTHFR, ADRA2A, and SLC6A2 genes proved to be associated with the risk of ADHD in the studied population. The COMT gene polymorphism was one that specifically increased the risk of EBW in the ADHD group. Using the whole-exome sequencing technique, we have shown that the ADHD group contains rare and protein-truncating variants in the FBXL17, DBH, MTHFR, PCDH7, RSPH3, SPTBN1, and TNRC6C genes. In turn, variants in the ADRA2A, DYNC1H1, MAP1A, SEMA6D, and ZNF536 genes were specific for ADHD with EBW. In this way, we confirmed, at the molecular level, the existence of genes specifically predisposing to EBW in ADHD patients, which are associated with the biological pathways involved in the regulation of the reward system, intestinal microbiome, and muscle metabolism. View Full-Text
Keywords: case-control association study; whole exome sequencing; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; excessive body weight case-control association study; whole exome sequencing; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; excessive body weight
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M.; Paszynska, E.; Bilska, K.; Szczesniewska, P.; Bryl, E.; Duda, J.; Dutkiewicz, A.; Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, M.; Czerski, P.; Hanc, T.; Slopien, A. Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight. Genes 2021, 12, 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091407

AMA Style

Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Paszynska E, Bilska K, Szczesniewska P, Bryl E, Duda J, Dutkiewicz A, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Czerski P, Hanc T, Slopien A. Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight. Genes. 2021; 12(9):1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091407

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Monika, Elzbieta Paszynska, Karolina Bilska, Paula Szczesniewska, Ewa Bryl, Joanna Duda, Agata Dutkiewicz, Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor, Piotr Czerski, Tomasz Hanc, and Agnieszka Slopien. 2021. "Common and Unique Genetic Background between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Excessive Body Weight" Genes 12, no. 9: 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091407

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