Molecular Analysis Reveals a High Diversity of Anopheline Mosquitoes in Yanomami Lands and the Pantanal Region of Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. Mosquito Collections and Species Identification
2.3. DNA Extraction
2.4. DNA Amplification
2.5. Sequencing and Alignment
2.6. Species Delimitation
3. Results
3.1. Species Identification
3.2. Genus Anopheles
3.3. Genus Nyssorhynchus
3.4. Genus Kerteszia
3.5. Summary of Species Delimitation for Collection Specimens
4. Discussion
4.1. Nyssorhynchus and Kerteszia Genera
4.2. Anopheles Genus
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Status Plasmodium Vector [Reference] | References for Species Found in This Study |
---|---|---|
An. mattogrossensis | Its role as Plasmodium vector is poorly known in Brazil [57] | |
An. medialis | Its role as Plasmodium vector is poorly known in Brazil [58,59] | |
Ke. lepidota | It is a Plasmodium vector in Colombia [60] | |
Ke. neivai | It is a Plasmodium vector in localities on Pacific Coast, Colombia [61] | |
Ny. darlingi | It is the dominant Plasmodium vector in several regions of the Brazilian Amazon [62] | |
Ny. dunhami | It has been found naturally Plasmodium infected in Iquitos, Peru [63] | |
Ny. goeldii | It has been found naturally Plasmodium infected in locations across the Brazilian Amazon [62] | |
Ny. nuneztovari | It is a primary Plasmodium vector in Venezuela and Colombia [64,65] | |
Ny. evansae | Unknown [66] | |
Ny. oswaldoi s.s. | Unknown [29,67] | |
Ny. oswaldoi B | Potential Plasmodium vector in Putumayo, Colombia [68] | |
Ny. konderi C | Unknown | [13] |
Ny. konderi s.l. | Unknown | [13,35] |
Ny. nuneztovari s.l. | Nyssorhynchus nuneztovari A is a local Plasmodium vector in localities across the Brazilian Amazon [58,69,70,71] | |
Ny. oswaldoi A | Potential Plasmodium vector in Acre [72] | |
Ny. tadei | Local vector of Plasmodium across the Brazilian Amazon [4] | |
Ny. triannulatus | It was found naturally Plasmodium infected in localities across the Brazilian Amazon [58,62] | |
An. aff. guarao | Unknown | - |
An. aff. guarao | Unknown | - |
An. near costai G1 | Unknown | [13] |
An. near costai G4 | Unknown | [13] |
An. near fluminensis G1 | Unknown | [13] |
Ke. neivai A | Unknown | - |
Ke. neivai B | Unknown | - |
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Silva-do-Nascimento, T.F.; Sánchez-Ribas, J.; Oliveira, T.M.P.; Bourke, B.P.; Oliveira-Ferreira, J.; Rosa-Freitas, M.G.; Lourenço-de-Oliveira, R.; Marinho-e-Silva, M.; Neves, M.S.A.S.; Conn, J.E.; et al. Molecular Analysis Reveals a High Diversity of Anopheline Mosquitoes in Yanomami Lands and the Pantanal Region of Brazil. Genes 2021, 12, 1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121995
Silva-do-Nascimento TF, Sánchez-Ribas J, Oliveira TMP, Bourke BP, Oliveira-Ferreira J, Rosa-Freitas MG, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Marinho-e-Silva M, Neves MSAS, Conn JE, et al. Molecular Analysis Reveals a High Diversity of Anopheline Mosquitoes in Yanomami Lands and the Pantanal Region of Brazil. Genes. 2021; 12(12):1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121995
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilva-do-Nascimento, Teresa Fernandes, Jordi Sánchez-Ribas, Tatiane M. P. Oliveira, Brian Patrick Bourke, Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira, Maria Goreti Rosa-Freitas, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Mariana Marinho-e-Silva, Maycon Sebastião Alberto Santos Neves, Jan E. Conn, and et al. 2021. "Molecular Analysis Reveals a High Diversity of Anopheline Mosquitoes in Yanomami Lands and the Pantanal Region of Brazil" Genes 12, no. 12: 1995. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12121995