Integration of Bioinformatics Resources Reveals the Therapeutic Benefits of Gemcitabine and Cell Cycle Intervention in SMAD4-Deleted Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cancer Genomics Analysis via The cBioPortal Website
2.2. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Pathway Construction
2.3. Chemosensitivity Profiling in PDAC Cancer Cell Lines and PDAC Patient-Derived Organoids
2.4. Materials
2.5. Cell Culture and MTT Cell Viability Assay
2.6. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and Western Blot Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. SMAD4 Gene Deletion Predicts A Poorer Disease-Free Survival in PDAC Patients
3.2. Upregulation Of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in SMAD4-Deleted PDAC
3.3. SMAD4 Gene Deletion is Associated With an Increased Sensitivity To Cell Cycle-Targeting Drugs in PDAC Cell Lines
3.4. Increased Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Both SMAD4-Deleted PDAC Cell Lines and PDAC Patients-Derived Organoids
3.5. The Association Between CDK1 and Genes Correlated with Gemcitabine Sensitivity in SMAD4-Deleted PDAC Patient-Derived Organoids
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hsieh, Y.-Y.; Liu, T.-P.; Chou, C.-J.; Chen, H.-Y.; Lee, K.-H.; Yang, P.-M. Integration of Bioinformatics Resources Reveals the Therapeutic Benefits of Gemcitabine and Cell Cycle Intervention in SMAD4-Deleted Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Genes 2019, 10, 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100766
Hsieh Y-Y, Liu T-P, Chou C-J, Chen H-Y, Lee K-H, Yang P-M. Integration of Bioinformatics Resources Reveals the Therapeutic Benefits of Gemcitabine and Cell Cycle Intervention in SMAD4-Deleted Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Genes. 2019; 10(10):766. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100766
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsieh, Yao-Yu, Tsang-Pai Liu, Chia-Jung Chou, Hsin-Yi Chen, Kuen-Haur Lee, and Pei-Ming Yang. 2019. "Integration of Bioinformatics Resources Reveals the Therapeutic Benefits of Gemcitabine and Cell Cycle Intervention in SMAD4-Deleted Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma" Genes 10, no. 10: 766. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10100766