Dim Light at Night Induced Neurodegeneration and Ameliorative Effect of Curcumin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biochemical Reagents and Instruments
2.2. Animals and Experimental Conditions
2.3. Experimental Design and Treatment
- LD control group (12:12 light (~150 lux)/dark (~0 lux), 1% CMC);
- dLAN control group (12:12 light (~150 lux)/dim light (~5 lux), 1% CMC);
- dLAN + 50 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur50);
- dLAN + 100 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur100);
- dLAN + 150 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur150).
- LD control group (12:12 light (~150 lux)/dark (~0 lux), 1% CMC) (n = 6);
- dLAN exposed group (12:12 light (~150 lux)/dim light (~5 lux), 1% CMC) (n = 6);
- dLAN + 50 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur50) (n = 6);
- dLAN + 100 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur100) (n = 6);
- dLAN + 150 mg/kg curcumin (dLAN + Cur150) (n = 6).
2.4. Behaviour Studies
2.4.1. Open-Field Test
- Total number of crossings from one square to another (locomotor activity)—NLC;
- Crossing in the centre square (stress and anxiety level)—CSE;
- Time spent in the centre square (stress and anxiety level)—DCS;
- Rearing frequency (number of times the animal stood on their hind paws) (anxiety-like behaviour)—RR.
2.4.2. The Novel Object Recognition Test
2.4.3. Morris Water Maze Test
2.4.4. Tissue Sample Collection
2.5. Estimation of Oxidative Stress
2.5.1. Lipid Peroxidation
2.5.2. Superoxide Dismutase Activity
2.5.3. Catalase Activity
2.6. Morphometric and Histopathological Analyses
2.7. Hippocampus Protein Estimation
2.8. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
2.8.1. Quantitative RT-PCR
2.8.2. miRNA Profiling in Brain Tissue Using SYBR Green
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Curcumin Improved the Locomotor Activity and Anxiety-Like Behaviour in Mice Exposed to dLAN
3.2. Curcumin Improved the dLAN Induced Deterioration of Spatial and Retention Memory
3.3. Curcumin Reduced dLAN Induced Abrasion of Recognition Memory
3.4. Curcumin Reduced dLAN Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Enhanced Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activity
3.5. Curcumin Reduced dLAN Induced Neuronal Abnormality
3.6. Curcumin Up-Regulates the dLAN Induced Down-Regulation of Hippocampal BDNF, Synapsin II, and DCX Proteins in Dose Dependent Manner
3.7. Curcumin Enhanced the mRNA Levels of Hippocampal BDNF, Synapsin II, DCX, CREB and SIRT1 in Mice Exposed to dLAN
3.8. Influence of Curcumin on Altered Expression of Hippocampal miRNAs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Behavioural Parameters | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S.No. | Test | Parameters | Group | t-Test | |||
1 | LD control | dLAN exposed | t | df | p | ||
OFT | NLC | 152.75 ± 5.50 a | 97.25 ± 1.47 b | 19.27 | 6 | p < 0.001 | |
CSE (n) | 06.00 ± 0.81 a | 3.45 ± 0.42 b | 5.549 | 6 | p < 0.01 | ||
CSD (s) | 12.48 ± 0.55 a | 7.91 ± 0.58 b | 11.45 | 6 | p < 0.001 | ||
RR (n) | 45.25 ± 1.70 a | 23.25 ± 1.50 b | 19.36 | 6 | p < 0.001 | ||
2 | MWM | TSFP (s) | 42.25 ± 0.95 a | 64.25 ± 1.70 b | 22.47 | 6 | p < 0.001 |
TSPQ (s) | 49.50 ± 1.29 a | 23.25 ± 1.70 b | 24.52 | 6 | p < 0.001 | ||
3 | NOR | T2/T1 | 1.24 ± 0.01 a | 0.48 ± 0.05 b | 29.04 | 6 | p < 0.001 |
Biochemical Parameters | |||||||
4 | MDA (nM/mg) | 2.10 ± 0.01 a | 3.17 ± 0.05 b | 17.45 | 6 | p < 0.001 | |
5 | SOD (unit/mg) | 6.46 ± 0.31 a | 2.44 ± 0.22 b | 24.32 | 6 | p < 0.001 | |
6 | CAT (unit/mg) | 3.37 ± 0.08 a | 2.33 ± 0.08 b | 10.55 | 6 | p < 0.001 |
Behavioural Parameters | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S.No. | Test | Parameters | Group | One-Way ANOVA | |||||
1 | OFT | dLAN | dLAN + Cur50 | dLAN + Cur100 | dLAN + Cur150 | F | df | p | |
NLC (n) | 97.25 ± 1.47 | 107.75 ± 1.70 a | 120.00 ± 4.39 b | 124.25 ± 2.75 c | 73.17 | 12 | p < 0.001 | ||
CSE (n) | 3.45 ± 0.42 | 4.50 ± 0.57 a | 5.50 ± 0.57 b | 6.25 ± 0.5 c | 21.65 | 12 | p < 0.001 | ||
CSD (s) | 7.91 ± 0.58 | 8.11 ± 0.43 | 9.56 ± 0.45 | 14.37 ± 1.81 a | 36.22 | 12 | p < 0.001 | ||
RR (n) | 23.25 ± 1.50 | 30.00 ± 1.82 a | 39.00 ± 1.41 b | 40.25 ± 0.95 c | 120.80 | 12 | p < 0.001 | ||
2 | MWM | TSFP (s) | 64.25 ± 1.70 | 58.39 ± 0.74 a | 55.87 ± 1.39 b | 42.76 ± 0.50 c | 232.80 | 12 | p < 0.001 |
TSPQ (s) | 23.25 ± 1.70 | 26.41 ± 0.72 a | 32.50 ± 1.53 b | 44.82 ± 1.27 c | 194.70 | 12 | p < 0.001 | ||
3 | NOR | T2/T1 | 0.48 ± 0.05 | 0.63 ± 0.018 a | 0.94 ± 0.04 b | 1.19 ± 0.04 c | 227.30 | 12 | p < 0.001 |
Biochemical Parameters | |||||||||
4 | MDA (nM/mg) | 3.17 ± 0.0476 | 2.66 ± 0.09 a | 1.89 ± 0.14 b | 1.52 ± 0.09 c | 167.40 | 12 | p < 0.001 | |
5 | SOD (unit/mg) | 2.44 ± 0.219 | 3.56 ± 0.10 a | 4.74 ± 0.18 b | 5.55 ± 0.21 c | 302.70 | 12 | p < 0.001 | |
6 | CAT (unit/mg) | 2.33 ± 0.08 | 2.64 ± 0.06 | 3.04 ± 0.11 a | 3.82 ± 0.13 b | 101.00 | 12 | p < 0.001 |
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Namgyal, D.; Chandan, K.; Sultan, A.; Aftab, M.; Ali, S.; Mehta, R.; El-Serehy, H.A.; Al-Misned, F.A.; Sarwat, M. Dim Light at Night Induced Neurodegeneration and Ameliorative Effect of Curcumin. Cells 2020, 9, 2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092093
Namgyal D, Chandan K, Sultan A, Aftab M, Ali S, Mehta R, El-Serehy HA, Al-Misned FA, Sarwat M. Dim Light at Night Induced Neurodegeneration and Ameliorative Effect of Curcumin. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092093
Chicago/Turabian StyleNamgyal, Dhondup, Kumari Chandan, Armiya Sultan, Mehreen Aftab, Sher Ali, Rachna Mehta, Hamed A. El-Serehy, Fahad A. Al-Misned, and Maryam Sarwat. 2020. "Dim Light at Night Induced Neurodegeneration and Ameliorative Effect of Curcumin" Cells 9, no. 9: 2093. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092093